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Pathway Description
Triacylglycerol Degradation
Arabidopsis thaliana
Metabolic Pathway
In higher plants, the primary seed storage reserve is triacylglycerol rather than carbohydrates. Thus, triacylglycerol degradation is an important pathway from which plants obtain energy for growth. First, triacylglycerol lipase, an enzyme localized to the oil body (storage vacuole) membrane, catalyzes the conversion of a triglyceride into a 1,2-diglyceride. Second, the predicted enzyme diglyceride lipase (coloured orange in the image) is theorized to catalyze the conversion of a 1,2-diglyceride iinto a 2-acylglycerol. Third, a 2-acylglycerol is spontaneously converted into a 1-monoglyceride. Fourth, acylhydrolase catalyzes the conversion of a 1-monoglyceride into glycerol. Fifth, glycerol kinase catalyzes the conversion of glycerol into glycerol 3-phosphate. Sixth, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (coloured dark green in the image), localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane, catalyzes the conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerone phosphate.
References
Triacylglycerol Degradation References
Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, Debono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J: Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book. 2010;8:e0133. doi: 10.1199/tab.0133. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
Pubmed: 22303259
Taylor DC, Giblin EM, Reed DW, Hogge LR: Stereospecific analysis and mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols fromarabidopsis thaliana (L.) heynh. columbia seed. Journal Of The American Oil Chemists' Society. 1995 Mar 01;72(3):305-308. doi: 10.1007/BF02541087.
Kim EY, Seo YS, Kim WT: AtDSEL, an Arabidopsis cytosolic DAD1-like acylhydrolase, is involved in negative regulation of storage oil mobilization during seedling establishment. J Plant Physiol. 2011 Sep 15;168(14):1705-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.03.004. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
Pubmed: 21477884
Eastmond PJ: Glycerol-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants: gli1 seedlings lack glycerol kinase, accumulate glycerol and are more resistant to abiotic stress. Plant J. 2004 Feb;37(4):617-25.
Pubmed: 14756771
Shen W, Wei Y, Dauk M, Zheng Z, Zou J: Identification of a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in plants. FEBS Lett. 2003 Feb 11;536(1-3):92-6.
Pubmed: 12586344
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