Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemeia (Glycine encephalopathy; Glycine cleavage system deficiency; NKH) is caused by mutations in several genes in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system. These include the genes encoding P protein (GLDC), T protein (GCST), and, in one case, the H protein (GCSH). Most patients with GCE (Glycine Encephalopathy, or NKH) have a defect in the GLDC gene.The enzyme system for cleavage of glycine (glycine cleavage system), which is confined to the mitochondria, is composed of 4 protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). NKH is characterized by accumulation of glycine in plasma, spinal fluid and urine. Symptoms include seizures, respiratory distress, mental retardation, chorea, visual impairment and hydrocephalus.
References
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia References
[Uniprot: P48728](http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P48728)
[OMIM: Entry 605899](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=605899)
Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (2nd ed) (2007) p.76 Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft
Applegarth DA, Toone JR: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (glycine encephalopathy): laboratory diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Sep-Oct;74(1-2):139-46. doi: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3224.
Pubmed: 11592811
Cole DE, Meek DC: Juvenile non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia in three siblings. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8 Suppl 2:123-4.
Pubmed: 3930859
Flannery DB, Pellock J, Bousounis D, Hunt P, Nance C, Wolf B: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in two retarded adults: a mild form of infantile nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Neurology. 1983 Aug;33(8):1064-6.
Pubmed: 6683804
Hayasaka K, Tada K, Kikuchi G, Winter S, Nyhan WL: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: two patients with primary defects of P-protein and T-protein, respectively, in the glycine cleavage system. Pediatr Res. 1983 Dec;17(12):967-70.
Pubmed: 6336599
Hiraga K, Koyata H, Sakakibara T, Ishiguro Y, Matsui C: Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: an aim of the second generation of studies on pathogenesis. Mol Biol Med. 1991 Feb;8(1):65-79.
Pubmed: 1943691
Glycine and Serine Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings