Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Naproxen Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Naproxen (also named Aleve and Naprosyn) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It can be used to relieve pain (analgesic) and reduce fever (antipyretic). Naproxen is also a type of ophthalmic anti-inflammatory medicines. Naproxen can block prostaglandin synthesis by the action of inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 catalyze the arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2, and also catalyze prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2 in the metabolism pathway. Since prostaglandin is the messenger molecules in the process of inflammation; hence, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis can reduce the pain and inflammation.
References
Naproxen Pathway References
Botting, R., & Botting, J. Cyclooxygenases. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology. (2004) p.279-283. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Breyer, R.M., & Breyer, M.D. Prostanoids. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology. (2004) p. 752-757. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Leung GJ, Rainsford KD, Kean WF: Osteoarthritis of the hand II: chemistry, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naproxen, and clinical outcome studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;66(3):347-57. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12165. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
Pubmed: 24175972
Hawkey CJ: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;15(5):801-20. doi: 10.1053/bega.2001.0236.
Pubmed: 11566042
Van Hecken A, Schwartz JI, Depre M, De Lepeleire I, Dallob A, Tanaka W, Wynants K, Buntinx A, Arnout J, Wong PH, Ebel DL, Gertz BJ, De Schepper PJ: Comparative inhibitory activity of rofecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;40(10):1109-20.
Pubmed: 11028250
Giuffrida MC, Pignatello R, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG: Amphiphilic naproxen prodrugs: differential scanning calorimetry study on their interaction with phospholipid bilayers. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;69(9):1091-1098. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12754. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Pubmed: 28620994
Davies NM, Anderson KE: Clinical pharmacokinetics of naproxen. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Apr;32(4):268-93. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199732040-00002.
Pubmed: 9113437
Jaradat MS, Wongsud B, Phornchirasilp S, Rangwala SM, Shams G, Sutton M, Romstedt KJ, Noonan DJ, Feller DR: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms and inhibition of prostaglandin H(2) synthases by ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Dec 15;62(12):1587-95. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00822-x.
Pubmed: 11755111
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Vance, D.E., and Vance, J.E. Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins, and membranes (4th ed.) (2002) Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Kroetz DL, Zeldin DC: Cytochrome P450 pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002 Jun;13(3):273-83.
Pubmed: 12045397
Zeldin DC: Epoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36059-62. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R100030200. Epub 2001 Jul 12.
Pubmed: 11451964
Ondrey FG: Arachidonic acid metabolism: a primer for head and neck surgeons. Head Neck. 1998 Jul;20(4):334-49.
Pubmed: 9588707
Sigal E: The molecular biology of mammalian arachidonic acid metabolism. Am J Physiol. 1991 Feb;260(2 Pt 1):L13-28. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.1991.260.2.L13.
Pubmed: 1899973
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Settings