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Pathway Description
Alprenolol Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Alprenolol (also known as alfeprol, alpheprol or alprenololum) a beta blocker (non-selective) that block beta-1 adrenergic receptor in heart. Blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptor could prevent the binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which could efficiently reduce blood pressure and heart rate. In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, alprenolol can also bind to beta-2 receptors to prevent the production and release of renin (also known as angiotensinogenase). Without renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone could not be produced, which ultimately prevent water retention and vasoconstriction.
References
Alprenolol Pathway References
Borchard, U. Pharmacological properties of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology. 1998;1(1):5-9.
DiPiro, J.T., Talbert, R.L., Yee, G.C., Matzke, G.R., Wells, B.G, & Posey, M.L. Pharmacotherapy: A pathologic approach. (6th ed) (2005) p.207-208. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division.
Striated Muscle Contraction References
Cooke R: The sliding filament model: 1972-2004. J Gen Physiol. 2004 Jun;123(6):643-56. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200409089.
Pubmed: 15173218
Szent-Gyorgyi A: The mechanism of muscle contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3343-4.
Pubmed: 4610574
Kuo IY, Ehrlich BE: Signaling in muscle contraction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Feb 2;7(2):a006023. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006023.
Pubmed: 25646377
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