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Pathway Description
Carteolol Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Carteolol (also known as Cartrol or Ocupress) is a selective β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta blocker), which can be used for treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) and irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). Carteolol also has the ability to mild intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) with effective range of dosage. Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) can activate β1 adrenergic receptor so that the heart rate and output will be increased. Renin is a hormone that generated from kidney, which could lead to constriction of blood vessels. Beta blockers could efficiently prohibit renin release.
References
Carteolol Pathway References
El-Kamel A, Al-Dosari H, Al-Jenoobi F: Environmentally responsive ophthalmic gel formulation of carteolol hydrochloride. Drug Deliv. 2006 Jan-Feb;13(1):55-9. doi: 10.1080/10717540500309073 .
Pubmed: 16401594
Kuwahara K, Oizumi N, Fujisawa S, Tanito M, Ohira A: Carteolol hydrochloride protects human corneal epithelial cells from UVB-induced damage in vitro. Cornea. 2005 Mar;24(2):213-20.
Pubmed: 15725891
Trinquand C, Romanet JP, Nordmann JP, Allaire C: [Efficacy and safety of long-acting carteolol 1% once daily. A double-masked, randomized study]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2003 Feb;26(2):131-6.
Pubmed: 12660585
Striated Muscle Contraction References
Cooke R: The sliding filament model: 1972-2004. J Gen Physiol. 2004 Jun;123(6):643-56. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200409089.
Pubmed: 15173218
Szent-Gyorgyi A: The mechanism of muscle contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3343-4.
Pubmed: 4610574
Kuo IY, Ehrlich BE: Signaling in muscle contraction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Feb 2;7(2):a006023. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006023.
Pubmed: 25646377
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