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Pathway Description
Propoxyphene Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Propoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category. It primarily acts on the G protein coupled receptors, OP3. Propoxyphene binding to OP3 causes GTP exchange for GDP and inhibit adenylate cyclase causing decreased intracellular cAMP. This leads to the inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as: substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Opioids inhibit vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon release. Propoxyphene also causes the closure of voltage-gated calcium channels and opens potassium channels causing the hyperpolarization of the membrane and decreasing neuronal excitability. This further reduces the feeling of pain.
References
Propoxyphene Pathway References
Coda BA, Rudy AC, Archer SM, Wermeling DP: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of single-dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2003 Jul;97(1):117-23, table of contents.
Pubmed: 12818953
Neuron Function References
Lovinger DM: Communication networks in the brain: neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and alcohol. Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(3):196-214.
Pubmed: 23584863
Kress GJ, Mennerick S: Action potential initiation and propagation: upstream influences on neurotransmission. Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 12;158(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.021. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
Pubmed: 18472347
Platkiewicz J, Brette R: A threshold equation for action potential initiation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jul 8;6(7):e1000850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000850.
Pubmed: 20628619
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