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Pathway Description
Levorphanol Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Levorphanol (also known as Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication that can bind to mu-type opioid receptor to activate associated G-protein in the sensory neurons of central nervous system (CNS), which will reduce the level of intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. The binding of levorphanol will eventually lead to reduced pain because of decreased nerve conduction and release of neurotransmitter. Therefore, levorphanol can reduce nerve conduction and decrease neurotransmitter release; so that perception of pain signals can be blocked.
References
Levorphanol Pathway References
McNulty JP: Can levorphanol be used like methadone for intractable refractory pain? J Palliat Med. 2007 Apr;10(2):293-6. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2006.0201.
Pubmed: 17472497
Loitman JE: Levorphanol #240. J Palliat Med. 2011 Jul;14(7):875-6. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2011.9673.
Pubmed: 21699425
Neuron Function References
Lovinger DM: Communication networks in the brain: neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and alcohol. Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(3):196-214.
Pubmed: 23584863
Kress GJ, Mennerick S: Action potential initiation and propagation: upstream influences on neurotransmission. Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 12;158(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.021. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
Pubmed: 18472347
Platkiewicz J, Brette R: A threshold equation for action potential initiation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jul 8;6(7):e1000850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000850.
Pubmed: 20628619
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