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Pathway Description
Gibberellin and Gibberellin Precursor Biosynthesis Pathway
Arabidopsis thaliana
Metabolic Pathway
A gibberellin is a plant hormone that is necessary for many functions within a plant. Some of these functions include shoot length, cell division, and bolting induction. This pathway shows the biosynthesis of gibberellin precursors, within the larger diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. It begins with geranygeranyl-PP, synthesized from Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, using the enzyme ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase to create ent-copalyl diphosphate. From here, ent-copalyl diphosphate uses ent-kaur-16-ene synthase to create ent-kaurene. Ent-kaurene continues this pathway, teaming up with ent-kaurene oxidase to produce ent-16-kauren-19-ol. Ent-kaurene oxidase is used again in combination with ent-16-kauren-19-ol to synthesize ent-16-kauren-19-al. The enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase is used once more, to create ent-kaurenoate. At this point in the pathway, the reactions begin to take place in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Here, ent-kaurenoae oxidase converts ent-kaurenoate into 7-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid. This acid then uses ent-kaurenoate oxidase again to become gibberellin A12 aldehyde. Exiting the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, gibberellin A12 uses gibberellin 20 oxidase 4 to produce gibberellin A15. The reactions continue, still using gibberellin 20 oxidase 4 to create gibberellin A24, and subsequently gibberellin A9. After this, gibberellin a9 is converted to gibberellin a51 through the enzyme gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 6. Gibberellin A51 then uses this same enzyme to create a gibberellin A51-catabolite. There are many offshoots in this pathway that are not described in detail, but all assume a similar chain of reactions and ultimately result in the production of different gibberellin catabolites.
References
Gibberellin and Gibberellin Precursor Biosynthesis Pathway References
Sun TP: Gibberellin metabolism, perception and signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis Book. 2008;6:e0103. doi: 10.1199/tab.0103. Epub 2008 Sep 24.
Pubmed: 22303234
Wang B, Si W, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Wu C, Lin H, Yin L: [Research progress in biosynthesis and metabolism regulation of gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2020 Feb 25;36(2):189-200. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.190194.
Pubmed: 32147992
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