Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Prednisolone Action Action Pathway New
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug that is used for inflammation, GI diseases, allergies and immunosuppression along with other uses. As prednisolone is a glucocorticoid, it's mechanism of actions is that of the glucocorticoid response element of influencing COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 suppression and lipocortin/annexin induction. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity and platelet aggregation. Prednisolone also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation.
References
Prednisolone Action Pathway New References
Kim S. W, Ko J, Kim J. H, Choi E. C, Na D. S. Differential effects of annexins I, II, III, and V on cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity: specific interaction model. FEBS Letters 489: 243-248, 2001.
Necela B. M, Cidlowski J. A. Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Action in Noninflammatory and Inflammatory Cells. American Thoracic Society 1:239-246, 2004.
Hess J, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M. AP-1 subunits: quarrel and harmony among siblings. Journal of Cell Sciences 117: 5965-5973, 2004.
Lim J. W, Kim H, Kim K. H. Nuclear Factor-kB Regulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Cell Proliferation in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Laboratory Investigation 81 (3): 349- 360, 2001.
Kim S, Oh J, No J, Bang Y, Juhnn Y, Song Y. Involvement of NF-kB and AP-1 in COX-2 upregulation by human papillomavirus 16 E5 oncoprotein. Carcinogenesis 30(5): 753-757, 2009.
Perretti M, Dalli J. Exploiting the Annexin A1 pathway for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. British Journal of Pharmacology 158: 936-946, 2009.
Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kB Family of Transcription Factors and Its Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1(4): a000034, 2009.
Cartwright T, Perkins N. D, Wilson C. L. NFKB1: a suppressor of inflammation, ageing and cancer. FEBS Journal 283: 1812-1822, 2016.
Caldenhoven E, Liden J, Wissink S, Wan de Stolpe A, Raaijmakers J, Koenderman L, Okret S, Gustafsson J, Van der Saag P, T. Negative Cross-Talk between ReAl and the Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Possible Mechanism for the Anti-inflammatory Action of Glucocorticoids. Molecular Endocrinology 9(4): 401-412, 1995.
Kang Y, Mbonye U. R, DeLong C. J, Wada M, Smith W. L. Regulation of Intracellular Cyclooxygenase Levels by Gene Transcription and Protein Degradation. Prog Lipid Res 46(2): 108-125, 2007.
Savinova O. V, Hoffmann A, Ghosh G. The Nfkb1 and Nfkb2 Proteins p105 and p100 Function as the Core of High-Molecular-Weight Heterogeneous Complexes. Mol Cell 34(5): 591-602, 2009.
Kirschke E, Goswami D, Southworth D, Griffin P. R, Agard D. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function Regulated by Coordinated Action of the Hsp90 and Hsp70 Chaperone Cycles. Cell 157(7): 1685-1697, 2014.
Perretti M, D’Acquisto F. Annexin A1 and glucocorticoids as effectors of the resolution of
inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology 9: 62–70, 2009.
Parente L, Solito E. Annexin 1: more than an anti-phospholipase protein. Inflammation Research 53: 125-132, 2004.
Fernandes S, McKay G. Prednisolone. Practical Diabetes 30(4): 251-252, 2013.
Rosenson R. S, Gelb M. H. Secretory Phospholipase A2: A Multifaceted Family of Proatherogenic Enzymes. Current Cardiology Reports 11: 445-451, 2009.
Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2: 17023, 2017.
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings