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Amidophosphoribosyltransferase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Mercaptopurine Liver Transporter Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 2 Hypoxanthine- guanine phosphoribosyltransferase Inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 GMP synthase [glutamine- hydrolyzing] Thiopurine S- methyltransferase Thiopurine S- methyltransferase Adenosine kinase Thiopurine S- methyltransferase ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase Ribose- phosphate pyrophosphokinase 3 Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 Multifunctional protein ADE2 Multifunctional protein ADE2 Adenylosuccinate lyase Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Adenosine deaminase Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 GMP synthase [glutamine- hydrolyzing] Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase Purine nucleoside phosphorylase Multidrug resistance- associated protein 4 Multidrug resistance- associated protein 5 Multidrug resistance- associated protein 4 Multidrug resistance- associated protein 5 Multidrug resistance- associated protein 5 Multidrug resistance- associated protein 4 6- Methylthiopurine 5'- monophosphate ribonucleotide Thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate Mercaptopurine Thiodeoxyguanosine- 5'- triphosphate Guanosine Guanine Adenosine Adenine Mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Azathioprine 1-Methyl-4- nitroimidazole Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate NAD H2O Thioxanthine monophosphate NADH L-Glutamine H2O ATP 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate AMP PPi S- Adenosylmethionine Methyl- thioguanosine monophosphate S- Adenosylhomocysteine Thioguanosine 5'-diphosphate 6- Mercaptopurine riboside S- Adenosylmethionine 6- methylmercaptopurine riboside S- Adenosylhomocysteine ATP ADP S- Adenosylmethionine S- Adenosylhomocysteine Thiodeoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate Adenosine diphosphate ribose H2O AMP D-Ribose 5-phosphate ATP Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate AMP 5- Phosphoribosylamine PPi L-Glutamic acid L-Glutamine H2O ATP Glycine ADP Pi Glycineamideribotide 10- Formyltetrahydrofolate Tetrahydrofolic acid 5'- Phosphoribosyl- N- formylglycinamide ATP L-Glutamine H2O ADP Phosphoric acid Phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine L-Glutamic acid ATP ADP Pi 5- Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide 5-amino-1-(5- phospho-D- ribosyl)imidazole- 4-carboxylate CO2 ATP L-Aspartic acid ADP Phosphoric acid SAICAR Fumaric acid AICAR 10- Formyltetrahydrofolate Tetrahydrofolic acid Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide Inosinic acid H2O H2O Inosine Pi Pi Hypoxanthine Ribose 1-phosphate Deoxyinosine Pi Deoxyribose 1-phosphate Deoxyadenosine H2O NH3 Pi Deoxyribose 1-phosphate Pi Ribose 1-phosphate NAD H2O Xanthylic acid NADH ATP NH3 AMP PPi Guanosine monophosphate H2O Phosphoric acid Pi Ribose 1-phosphate ATP H2O 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate ADP Pi ATP H2O 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate ADP Pi ATP H2O Thioxanthine monophosphate ADP Pi ATP H2O Thioxanthine monophosphate ADP Pi ATP H2O 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate ADP Pi ATP H2O 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate ADP Pi Potassium Magnesium Magnesium Potassium Mercaptopurine Pathway DNA Synthesis Regulation of Apoptosis of Activated T Cells DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis Magnesium 4Fe-4S Magnesium Zinc (II) ion Magnesium Purine De Novo Synthesis Pathway Mercaptopurine Metabolism Hepatocyte Cytosol Cytosol Azathioprine is ingested through oral routes and is adsorbed into the bloodstream where it is delivered to the liver. Azathioprine is converted into mercaptopurine and exported to the other cells. Mercaptropurine is converted into metabolites through many series of reactions Cells contain many efflux transporters/pumps to remove mecaptopurine's metabolites making it harder for the drug to used. Thiodeoxyguanosine-5'- triphosphate can be incorporated into DNA synthesis making fraudulent DNA. Due to this, the cell cannot replicate killing it. Thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate inhibits ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 which is a signalling GTPase protein found in cells that regulates numerous cellular events. Some of the regulated events include replication, cell-cell adhesion, epithelial differentiation, apoptosis, and more. Inhibition of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 induces apoptosis of activated T cells 6-Methylthiopurine 5'-monophosphate ribonucleotide inhibits amidophosphoribosyltransferase which catalyzes the reaction between phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and glutamine into phosphoribosylamine and glutamic acid. This reaction is one of the first in the purine de novo synthesis pathway. Inhibiting this step affects the downstream reactions that produce adenine, adenosine, guanine and guanosine. Since the purine de novo synthesis pathway is blocked, adenine, adenosine, guanine and guanosine aren't being produced. Since they are important compounds in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, replication and transcirption are halted and the cell dies. T and B lymphocytes require purines being produced through the purine de novo pathway in order to proliferate and create antibodies. Unlike other cells who can obtain DNA/RNA building blocks through other means, T and B lymphocytes are reliant on this pathway.
PPAT RAC1 Unknown SLC29A1 SLC28A2 HPRT1 IMPDH1 GMPS TPMT TPMT ADK TPMT NUDT5 PRPS1L1 GART GART PFAS GART PAICS PAICS ADSL ATIC ATIC NT5C2 PNP PNP ADA PNP PNP IMPDH1 GMPS NT5C2 PNP ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC5 ABCC4 6- Methylthiopurine 5'- monophosphate ribonucleotide Thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate Mercaptopurine Thiodeoxyguanosine- 5'- triphosphate Guanosine Guanine Adenosine Adenine Mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine Sodium Sodium Sodium Sodium Azathioprine 1-Methyl-4- nitroimidazole Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate NAD Water Thioxanthine monophosphate NADH L-Glutamine Water Adenosine triphosphate 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate Adenosine monophosphate Pyrophosphate S- Adenosylmethionine Methyl- thioguanosine monophosphate S- Adenosylhomocysteine Thioguanosine 5'-diphosphate 6- Mercaptopurine riboside S- Adenosylmethionine 6- methylmercaptopurine riboside S- Adenosylhomocysteine Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine diphosphate S- Adenosylmethionine S- Adenosylhomocysteine Thiodeoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate Adenosine diphosphate ribose Water Adenosine monophosphate D-Ribose 5-phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Adenosine monophosphate 5- Phosphoribosylamine Pyrophosphate L-Glutamic acid L-Glutamine Water Adenosine triphosphate Glycine Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Glycineamideribotide 10- Formyltetrahydrofolate Tetrahydrofolic acid 5'- Phosphoribosyl- N- formylglycinamide Adenosine triphosphate L-Glutamine Water Adenosine diphosphate Phosphoric acid Phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine L-Glutamic acid Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate 5- Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide 5-amino-1-(5- phospho-D- ribosyl)imidazole- 4-carboxylate Carbon dioxide Adenosine triphosphate L-Aspartic acid Adenosine diphosphate Phosphoric acid SAICAR Fumaric acid AICAR 10- Formyltetrahydrofolate Tetrahydrofolic acid Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide Inosinic acid Water Water Inosine Phosphate Phosphate Hypoxanthine Ribose 1-phosphate Deoxyinosine Phosphate Deoxyribose 1-phosphate Deoxyadenosine Water Ammonia Phosphate Deoxyribose 1-phosphate Phosphate Ribose 1-phosphate NAD Water Xanthylic acid NADH Adenosine triphosphate Ammonia Adenosine monophosphate Pyrophosphate Guanosine monophosphate Water Phosphoric acid Phosphate Ribose 1-phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water 6- Thioinosine- 5'- monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water Thioxanthine monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water Thioxanthine monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate Water 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Mercaptopurine Pathway DNA Synthesis Regulation of Apoptosis of Activated T Cells DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis DNA and RNA Synthesis
PPAT RAC1 SLC29A1 SLC28A2 HPRT1 IMPDH1 GMPS TPMT TPMT ADK TPMT NUDT5 PRPS1L1 GART GART PFAS GART PAICS PAICS ADSL ATIC ATIC NT5C2 PNP PNP ADA PNP PNP IMPDH1 GMPS NT5C2 PNP ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC5 ABCC4 6M5MR ToGS5TP Mcapprn Th-5'-t Guo Guanine Adenosi Adenine Mcapprn Mcapprn Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Azathio 1M4N PRPP 6T5M NAD H2O ThioMP NADH Gln H2O ATP 6TgsMP AMP PPi SAMe MTM SAH ToGS5DP 6MerRi SAMe 6MetRi SAH ATP ADP SAMe SAH ToDG5DP ADP-Rib H2O AMP DRib-5P ATP PRPP AMP 5-PPRSA PPi Glu Gln H2O ATP Gly ADP Pi Glyadbt 10-FTHF THFA 5PPNFG ATP Gln H2O ADP PhosfrA FGAM Glu ATP ADP Pi 5-AnRbn CR CO2 ATP Asp ADP PhosfrA SAICAR Fumarat AICAR 10-FTHF THFA FosbFca Imp H2O H2O Inosine Pi Pi Hyp Rib-1P D-Ino Pi D1P DA H2O NH3 Pi D1P Pi Rib-1P NAD H2O XntylcA NADH ATP NH3 AMP PPi GSMP H2O PhosfrA Pi Rib-1P ATP H2O 6T5M ADP Pi ATP H2O 6T5M ADP Pi ATP H2O ThioMP ADP Pi ATP H2O ThioMP ADP Pi ATP H2O 6TgsMP ADP Pi ATP H2O 6TgsMP ADP Pi K+ Mg2+ Mg2+ K+ Mer Pat DNA Syn R o A o D a R S D a R S D a R S D a R S Mg2+ 4Fe-4S Mg2+ Zinc Mg2+ Purine De Novo Synthesis Pathway Mercaptopurine Metabolism Hepatocyte Cytosol Cytosol Azathioprine is ingested through oral routes and is adsorbed into the bloodstream where it is delivered to the liver. Azathioprine is converted into mercaptopurine and exported to the other cells. Mercaptropurine is converted into metabolites through many series of reactions Cells contain many efflux transporters/pumps to remove mecaptopurine's metabolites making it harder for the drug to used. Thiodeoxyguanosine-5'- triphosphate can be incorporated into DNA synthesis making fraudulent DNA. Due to this, the cell cannot replicate killing it. Thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate inhibits ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 which is a signalling GTPase protein found in cells that regulates numerous cellular events. Some of the regulated events include replication, cell-cell adhesion, epithelial differentiation, apoptosis, and more. Inhibition of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 induces apoptosis of activated T cells 6-Methylthiopurine 5'-monophosphate ribonucleotide inhibits amidophosphoribosyltransferase which catalyzes the reaction between phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and glutamine into phosphoribosylamine and glutamic acid. This reaction is one of the first in the purine de novo synthesis pathway. Inhibiting this step affects the downstream reactions that produce adenine, adenosine, guanine and guanosine. Since the purine de novo synthesis pathway is blocked, adenine, adenosine, guanine and guanosine aren't being produced. Since they are important compounds in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, replication and transcirption are halted and the cell dies. T and B lymphocytes require purines being produced through the purine de novo pathway in order to proliferate and create antibodies. Unlike other cells who can obtain DNA/RNA building blocks through other means, T and B lymphocytes are reliant on this pathway.
PPAT RAC1 SLC29A1 SLC28A2 HPRT1 IMPDH1 GMPS TPMT TPMT ADK TPMT NUDT5 PRPS1L1 GART GART PFAS GART PAICS PAICS ADSL ATIC ATIC NT5C2 PNP PNP ADA PNP PNP IMPDH1 GMPS NT5C2 PNP ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC4 ABCC5 ABCC5 ABCC4 6M5MR ToGS5TP Mcapprn Th-5'-t Guo Guanine Adenosi Adenine Mcapprn Mcapprn Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Azathio 1M4N PRPP 6T5M NAD H2O ThioMP NADH Gln H2O ATP 6TgsMP AMP Ppi SAMe MTM SAH ToGS5DP 6MerRi SAMe 6MetRi SAH ATP ADP SAMe SAH ToDG5DP ADP-Rib H2O AMP DRib-5P ATP PRPP AMP 5-PPRSA Ppi Glu Gln H2O ATP Gly ADP Pi Glyadbt 10-FTHF THFA 5PPNFG ATP Gln H2O ADP PhosfrA FGAM Glu ATP ADP Pi 5-AnRbn CR CO2 ATP Asp ADP PhosfrA SAICAR Fumarat AICAR 10-FTHF THFA FosbFca Imp H2O H2O Inosine Pi Pi Hyp Rib-1P D-Ino Pi D1P DA H2O NH3 Pi D1P Pi Rib-1P NAD H2O XntylcA NADH ATP NH3 AMP Ppi GSMP H2O PhosfrA Pi Rib-1P ATP H2O 6T5M ADP Pi ATP H2O 6T5M ADP Pi ATP H2O ThioMP ADP Pi ATP H2O ThioMP ADP Pi ATP H2O 6TgsMP ADP Pi ATP H2O 6TgsMP ADP Pi Mer Pat DNA Syn R o A o D a R S D a R S D a R S D a R S