Nicotinate (synonyms:pyridine-3-carboxylate, 3-pyridinecarboxylate, vitamin B3) is a pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a nicotinic acid. Nicotinamide is the amide derivative of nicotinic acid. Nicotinate and nicotinamide are essential for organisms as the precursors for generation of coenzymes, NAD+ and NADP+, which are essential for redox reactions and carry electrons from one reaction to another. [LAMP (Liverpool) Library of Apicomplexan Metabolic Pathways,#] The Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism in Arabidopsis Thaliana takes place in Cytoplasm, Mitochondria and Chloroplast of the specie. In this pathway, Nicotinamide riboside is catalyzed into Niacinamide using Uridine nucleosidase 1. NAD is catalyzed from Nicotinamide ribotide by Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. This NAD enters the Chloroplast usin the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter 1, chloroplastic and transfers to NADP via NAD kinase 2 enzyme. The NAD resulted from he catalyzation of Nicotinamide ribotide can also enter the Mitochondrion using Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter 2 and catalyzes into Niacinamide via NAD-dependent protein deacylase SRT2. This Niacinamide will be transfered into Cytosol using Niacinamide Mitochondrial Transporter. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide is catalyzed into Nicotinic acid mononucleotide via Alkaline-phosphatase-like family proteininside the Vacuole.The Nicotinic acid mononucleotide catalyzes into Nicotinic acid via Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (in Chloroplast) or via Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 2 Template in the Cytosol. This pathway also relates the following pathways: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, Pyruvate metabolism, C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism, and Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis.

Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism References