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Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A D(1A) dopamine receptor Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Sodium- dependent dopamine transporter Sodium- dependent serotonin transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Multidrug resistance protein 1 Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 Aromatic-L- amino-acid decarboxylase Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase Aromatic-L- amino-acid decarboxylase Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Sodium- dependent noradrenaline transporter Serotonin Dopamine Cocaine Serotonin Serotonin Serotonin Na+ Na+ Dopamine Dopamine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Cocaine L-Tryptophan Tetrahydrobiopterin O2 5-Hydroxy-L- tryptophan 4a- Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin CO2 L-Tyrosine L-Dopa CO2 Ascorbic acid O2 Norepinephrine Dehydroascorbic acid H2O Na+ Dopamine Na+ Norepinephrine Na+ Na+ Fe2+ Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Fe2+ Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Pyrroloquinoline quinone Copper Cocaine Presynaptic cell Synaptic Cleft Post synaptic cell Synaptic Vesicle Cytosol Cocaine MOA Serotonin that accumulates in the synaptic cleft binds to the 5-HT 1A receptors. 5-HT 1A receptors are responsible for lower anxiety and antidepressant effects. Dopamine accumulates in the cleft and can bind to various dopamine receptors. Shown here is the dopamine 1A receptor, a common Gs-couplesd target in treating depression. Norepinephrine is another monoamine that accumulates in the cleft as a result of venlafaxine's inhibitory action. Norepinephrine can act on many adrenergic receptors in the nervous system (here, the α-1A receptor is shown, which is also a common antipsychotic target) to aid in anti-depressive signaling. Cocaine can cross the blood brain barrier via MDRP1.
SCN9A CHRM1 CHRM2 SIGMAR1 HTR1A DRD1 ADRA1A SLC6A3 SLC6A4 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 ABCB1 TPH1 DDC TH DDC DBH SLC6A2 Serotonin Dopamine Cocaine Serotonin Serotonin Serotonin Sodium Sodium Dopamine Dopamine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Cocaine L-Tryptophan Tetrahydrobiopterin Oxygen 5-Hydroxy-L- tryptophan 4a- Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin Carbon dioxide L-Tyrosine L-Dopa Carbon dioxide Ascorbic acid Oxygen Norepinephrine Dehydroascorbic acid Water Sodium Dopamine Sodium Norepinephrine Sodium Sodium Cocaine
SCN9A CHRM1 CHRM2 SIGMAR1 HTR1A DRD1 ADRA1A SLC6A3 SLC6A4 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 ABCB1 TPH1 DDC TH DDC DBH SLC6A2 5-HT LDP Cocaine 5-HT 5-HT 5-HT Na+ Na+ LDP LDP Norpp Norpp Cocaine Trp BH4 O2 5-HTP 4aHtHbp CO2 Tyr L-Dopa CO2 VitC O2 Norpp DHAA H2O Na+ LDP Na+ Norpp Na+ Na+ Fe2+ Pyr-5'P Fe2+ Pyr-5'P Pqq Cu Cocaine Presynaptic cell Synaptic Cleft Post synaptic cell Synaptic Vesicle Cytosol Cocaine MOA Serotonin that accumulates in the synaptic cleft binds to the 5-HT 1A receptors. 5-HT 1A receptors are responsible for lower anxiety and antidepressant effects. Dopamine accumulates in the cleft and can bind to various dopamine receptors. Shown here is the dopamine 1A receptor, a common Gs-couplesd target in treating depression. Norepinephrine is another monoamine that accumulates in the cleft as a result of venlafaxine's inhibitory action. Norepinephrine can act on many adrenergic receptors in the nervous system (here, the α-1A receptor is shown, which is also a common antipsychotic target) to aid in anti-depressive signaling. Cocaine can cross the blood brain barrier via MDRP1.
SCN9A CHRM1 CHRM2 SIGMAR1 HTR1A DRD1 ADRA1A SLC6A3 SLC6A4 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 SLC18A2 ABCB1 TPH1 DDC TH DDC DBH SLC6A2 5-HT LDP Cocaine 5-HT 5-HT 5-HT Na+ Na+ LDP LDP Norpp Norpp Cocaine Trp BH4 O2 5-HTP 4aHtHbp CO2 Tyr L-Dopa CO2 VitC O2 Norpp DHAA H2O Na+ LDP Na+ Norpp Na+ Na+ Cocaine