PathWhiz

Pathway Description

Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol

Homo sapiens

Metabolic Pathway

Phenol is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine. After being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase to form phenol. Phenol that is produced from the gut microbes then enters systemic circulation. Phenol can get further metabolized in a liver hepatocyte to Phenyl sulphate and Phenyl glucuronide. However phenol itself is shown to be a major uremic toxin through high levels of retention. Phenol is shown to cause cardiovascular disease and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative stress.

References

Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol References

Basha, K. M., Rajendran, A., & Thangavelu, V. (2010). Recent advances in the biodegradation of phenol: a review. Asian J Exp Biol Sci, 1(2), 219-234.

Meyer, T. W., & Hostetter, T. H. (2012). Uremic solutes from colon microbes. Kidney international, 81(10), 949-954.

Graboski, A. L., & Redinbo, M. R. (2020). Gut-derived protein-bound uremic toxins. Toxins, 12(9), 590.

Lim, Y. J., Sidor, N. A., Tonial, N. C., Che, A., & Urquhart, B. L. (2021). Uremic Toxins in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Toxins, 13(2), 142.

Highlighted elements will appear in red.

Highlight Compounds

	Ammonia
	L-Tyrosine
	Phenol
	Pyruvate
	Water

Highlight Proteins

	ABC transporter, substrate-binding lipoprotein
	Tyrosine phenol-lyase
	Unknown

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