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Pathway Description
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) is produced from L-arginine. L-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. It enters cells in the body and is metabolized to SDMA via the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-5 or protein arginine methyltransferase-7. SDMA is considered a uremic toxin because it contributes chronic kidney disease by acting as a proinflammatory agent. SDMA produces activation of NFκB with enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines. It also modifies high-density lipoprotein (HDL), inducing endothelial damage and increase monocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which also causes vascular damage. Therefore, SDMA also contributes to cardiovascular diseases.
References
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) References
Schepers, E., Barreto, D. V., Liabeuf, S., Glorieux, G., Eloot, S., Barreto, F. C., Massy, Z., & Vanholder, R. (2011). Symmetric dimethylarginine as a Proinflammatory agent in chronic kidney disease. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 6(10), 2374–2383. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01720211
Bode-Böger, S. M., Scalera, F., Kielstein, J. T., Martens-Lobenhoffer, J., Breithardt, G., Fobker, M., & Reinecke, H. (2006). Symmetrical dimethylarginine: A new COMBINED parameter for renal function and extent of coronary artery disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 17(4), 1128–1134. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2005101119
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