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Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha Hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha Heme oxygenase 1 Toll-like receptor 4 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 Voltage- dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial Itaconate mitochondrial transporter Itaconate mitochondrial transporter Itaconate nuclear transporter Nuclear pore Nuclear transport receptor ROS mitochondrial transporter ROS mitochondrial transporter citrate synthase Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial Cis-aconitate decarboxylase Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial Dihydrolipoyllysine- residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP/GDP- forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial Probable 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component DHKTD1, mitochondrial Dihydrolipoyllysine- residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrial Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Glutathione Lipopolysaccharide D-Glucose pyruvate D-Glucose pyruvate pyruvate Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Acetyl-CoA H2O Oxaloacetate Citrate CoA cis-Aconitic acid H2O H2O Isocitric acid CO2 Malate NAD NADH H+ Fumaric acid H2O CoA NADP CO2 NADPH Succinic acid ATP CoA Succinyl-CoA ADP Pi Oxoglutaric acid NAD CoA NADH H+ CO2 NAD CO2 NADH H+ Hydroquinone Quinone FAD 2Fe-2S Biotin Manganese 4Fe-4S 4Fe-4S Thiamine pyrophosphate Lipoamide Magnesium Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species Activation of pro- inflammatory genes for IL-6, IL-10, IL1β and TNFα IL-6 Heme oxygenase-1 Glutathione IL-1β Glycolysis Transcription/Translation Macrophage M2 polarization FAD Thiamine pyrophosphate Lipoamide FAD Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Mitochondria Macrophage Nucleus Outer membrane Inner membrane Intermembrane space Cytosol ROS scavenging TCA Cycle
Mitochondria Nucleus SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD ATF3 NFKBIZ KEAP1 NFE2L2 NFE2L2 HIF1A HIF1A HMOX1 TLR4 SLC2A2 VDAC2 PC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown CIT2 ACO2 ACO2 ACOD1 MDH2 FH PDHA1 PDHB DLAT DLD SUCLG1 SUCLG2 DHTKD1 DLST DLD IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Glutathione Lipopolysaccharide D-Glucose pyruvate D-Glucose pyruvate pyruvate Itaconic acid Itaconic acid Acetyl-CoA Water Oxaloacetate Citrate Coenzyme A cis-Aconitic acid Water Water Isocitric acid Carbon dioxide Malate NAD NADH Hydrogen Ion Fumaric acid Water Coenzyme A NADP Carbon dioxide NADPH Succinic acid Adenosine triphosphate Coenzyme A Succinyl-CoA Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Oxoglutaric acid NAD Coenzyme A NADH Hydrogen Ion Carbon dioxide NAD Carbon dioxide NADH Hydrogen Ion Hydroquinone Quinone Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species Activation of pro- inflammatory genes for IL-6, IL-10, IL1β and TNFα IL-6 Heme oxygenase-1 Glutathione IL-1β Glycolysis Transcription/Translation Macrophage M2 polarization
SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD ATF3 NFKBIZ KEAP1 NFE2L2 NFE2L2 HIF1A HIF1A HMOX1 TLR4 SLC2A2 VDAC2 PC CIT2 ACO2 ACO2 ACOD1 MDH2 FH PDHA1 PDHB DLAT DLD SUCLG1 SUCLG2 DHTKD1 DLST DLD IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G ItacnAc ItacnAc ItacnAc GSH Lipopol D-Glc pyruv D-Glc pyruv pyruv ItacnAc ItacnAc Ac-CoA H2O Oxalo Citrate CoA Aconiti H2O H2O I-cita CO2 Malate NAD NADH H+ Fumarat H2O CoA NADP CO2 NADPH Succini ATP CoA Suc-CoA ADP Pi AKG NAD CoA NADH H+ CO2 NAD CO2 NADH H+ Quinol Quinone FAD 2Fe2S Biotin Mn2+ 4Fe-4S 4Fe-4S ThiamPP Lipoamd Mg2+ Re ox s Re ox s Re ox s A o p-i IL-6 HO-1 GSH IL-1β PW000146 PW000455 Ma M2 p FAD ThiamPP Lipoamd FAD Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Mitochondria Macrophage Nucleus Outer membrane Inner membrane Intermembrane space Cytosol ROS scavenging TCA Cycle
Mitochondria Nucleus SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD ATF3 NFKBIZ KEAP1 NFE2L2 NFE2L2 HIF1A HIF1A HMOX1 TLR4 SLC2A2 VDAC2 PC CIT2 ACO2 ACO2 ACOD1 MDH2 FH PDHA1 PDHB DLAT DLD SUCLG1 SUCLG2 DHTKD1 DLST DLD IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G ItacnAc ItacnAc ItacnAc GSH Lipopol D-Glc pyruv D-Glc pyruv pyruv ItacnAc ItacnAc Ac-CoA H2O Oxalo Citrate CoA Aconiti H2O H2O I-cita CO2 Malate NAD NADH H+ Fumarat H2O CoA NADP CO2 NADPH Succini ATP CoA Suc-CoA ADP Pi AKG NAD CoA NADH H+ CO2 NAD CO2 NADH H+ Quinol Quinone Re ox s Re ox s Re ox s A o p-i IL-6 HO-1 GSH IL-1β PW000146 PW000455 Ma M2 p