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Pathway Description
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD; Homocystinuria due to defect of n(5,10)-methylene THF deficiency) is caused by a defect in the MTHFR gene which codes for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A defect in this enzyme results in accumulation of homocysteine and methionine in both plasma and urine. Some of the symptoms and signs include mental retardation, withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, muscle weakness. Some patients remain asymptomatic until adulthood.
References
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD) References
Chen Z, Karaplis AC, Ackerman SL, Pogribny IP, Melnyk S, Lussier-Cacan S, Chen MF, Pai A, John SW, Smith RS, Bottiglieri T, Bagley P, Selhub J, Rudnicki MA, James SJ, Rozen R: Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased methylation capacity, with neuropathology and aortic lipid deposition. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Mar 1;10(5):433-43. doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.5.433.
Pubmed: 11181567
Engbersen AM, Franken DG, Boers GH, Stevens EM, Trijbels FJ, Blom HJ: Thermolabile 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a cause of mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jan;56(1):142-50.
Pubmed: 7825569
Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, Boers GJ, den Heijer M, Kluijtmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, et al.: A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet. 1995 May;10(1):111-3. doi: 10.1038/ng0595-111.
Pubmed: 7647779
Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75.
Pubmed: 8940272
Fattal-Valevski A, Bassan H, Korman SH, Lerman-Sagie T, Gutman A, Harel S: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: importance of early diagnosis. J Child Neurol. 2000 Aug;15(8):539-43. doi: 10.1177/088307380001500808.
Pubmed: 10961793
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
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