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Pathway Description
Short-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (HADH)
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also known as HADH deficiency or formerly SCHAD deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and autosomal recessive disorder of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short chain saturated fatty acid pathway. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH gene which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. This enzyme is responsible for the beta-oxidation of 3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA into 3-oxohexanoyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA respectively. Symptoms of HADH deficiency include hypoglycemia, as well as vomiting, diarrhea and seizures. Treatment with diazoxide, a potassium channel activator, has been effective. It is estimated that HADH deficiency affects less than 1 in 1,000,000 individuals.
References
Short-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (HADH) References
Eaton S, Chatziandreou I, Krywawych S, Pen S, Clayton PT, Hussain K: Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with hyperinsulinism: a novel glucose-fatty acid cycle? Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Dec;31(Pt 6):1137-9. doi: 10.1042/bst0311137.
Pubmed: 14641012
Bennett MJ, Spotswood SD, Ross KF, Comfort S, Koonce R, Boriack RL, IJlst L, Wanders RJ: Fatal hepatic short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: clinical, biochemical, and pathological studies on three subjects with this recently identified disorder of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1999 Jul-Aug;2(4):337-45. doi: 10.1007/s100249900132.
Pubmed: 10347277
Poirier Y, Antonenkov VD, Glumoff T, Hiltunen JK: Peroxisomal beta-oxidation--a metabolic pathway with multiple functions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1763(12):1413-26. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.034. Epub 2006 Aug 30.
Pubmed: 17028011
Kunau WH, Dommes V, Schulz H: beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and bacteria: a century of continued progress. Prog Lipid Res. 1995;34(4):267-342. doi: 10.1016/0163-7827(95)00011-9.
Pubmed: 8685242
Vance, D.E., and Vance, J.E. Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins, and membranes (5th ed.) (2008) Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier.
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