Chlorpropamide is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent used in the treatment of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This drug is an oral antihyperglycemic agent. It acts by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release more insulin in the blood. Chlorpropamide binds to the ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the pancreatic cell surface. This binding causes the reduction of the potassium conductance and, in consequence, the depolarization of the membrane. This depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which results in the secretion (exocytosis) of insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. This drug class is also associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia, they require a consistent food intake to decrease this risk.
References
Chlorpropamide Pathway References
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Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. doi: 10.2174/092986709789057635. Epub 2009 Sep 1.
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