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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 Gq protein signaling cascade Acetylcholinesterase N-type calcium channel Vesicular acetylcholine transporter High affinity choline transporter 1 Choline O- acetyltransferase Ca+ Acetylcholine Physostigmine Ca+ Choline Choline Acetyl-CoA Choline CoA H2O Acetic acid Acetylcholine Acetylcholine Magnesium Presynaptic Neuron Post-Synaptic Neuron 2. An action potential arrives at the nerve terminal and stimulates the opening of the calcium channel, causing an influx of calcium ions 1. Acetylcholine is synthesized and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal 3. Calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis 4. Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft activates muscarinic receptors on the post-synaptic membrane 6. Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetyl-coa 7. Choline is taken back up into the nerve terminal and recycled to create more acetylcholine Physostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing acetylcholine breakdown 5. M3 receptor activation stimulates the Gq signaling cascade. The downstream effects address the risk of glaucoma that being excessive pressure. ↓ Intraocular Pressure ↑ Aqueous Humor Flow ↑ Contraction of Ciliary Muscles
CHRM3 GNAQ ACHE CACNB1 SLC18A3 SLC5A7 CHAT Calcium Acetylcholine Physostigmine Calcium Choline Choline Acetyl-CoA Choline Coenzyme A Water Acetic acid Acetylcholine Acetylcholine
CHRM3 GNAQ ACHE CACNB1 SLC18A3 SLC5A7 CHAT Ca+ ACh Eserine Ca+ Choline Choline Ac-CoA Choline CoA H2O Acoh ACh ACh Mg2+ Presynaptic Neuron Post-Synaptic Neuron 2. An action potential arrives at the nerve terminal and stimulates the opening of the calcium channel, causing an influx of calcium ions 1. Acetylcholine is synthesized and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal 3. Calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis 4. Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft activates muscarinic receptors on the post-synaptic membrane 6. Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetyl-coa 7. Choline is taken back up into the nerve terminal and recycled to create more acetylcholine Physostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing acetylcholine breakdown 5. M3 receptor activation stimulates the Gq signaling cascade. The downstream effects address the risk of glaucoma that being excessive pressure. ↓ Intraocular Pressure ↑ Aqueous Humor Flow ↑ Contraction of Ciliary Muscles