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Pathway Description
Ethanol Glycine Agonist Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Ethanol, commonly seen in the form of various alcohols as well as hand sanitizer, is a drug that is injected intrathecally. Ethanol's effects are mainly seen in the brain where it binds to many receptors. The main effects are seen by the binding to GABA receptors, glycine receptors, and glutamate receptors.
Ethanol agonizes glycine receptors, where glycine binds to the alpha subunit. This causes an influx of chlorine ions which hyperpolarizes the neuron. Glycine receptors are present mainly in the spinal cord and brain stem where they control motor function. Therefore, the sedative effect of ethanol activating glycine receptors causes a decrease in motor control. Glycine can also activate GABA receptors if released into the same area, having the same effect on them as GABA.
References
Ethanol Glycine Agonist Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Xu M, Smothers CT, Woodward JJ: Effects of ethanol on phosphorylation site mutants of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Alcohol. 2011 Jun;45(4):373-80. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.015. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Pubmed: 21163614
Fuentealba J, Munoz B, Yevenes G, Moraga-Cid G, Perez C, Guzman L, Rigo JM, Aguayo LG: Potentiation and inhibition of glycine receptors by tutin. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Feb-Mar;60(2-3):453-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.023. Epub 2010 Oct 31.
Pubmed: 21044637
Ye Q, Koltchine VV, Mihic SJ, Mascia MP, Wick MJ, Finn SE, Harrison NL, Harris RA: Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol is inversely correlated with molecular volume at position alpha267. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3314-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3314.
Pubmed: 9452448
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