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Pathway Description
Pilocarpine M2 Ciliary Muscle Contraction Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Pilocarpine is a muscarinic cholinergic agonist used on the eye to treat elevated intraocular pressure, various types of glaucoma, and to induce miosis. Also available orally to treat symptoms of dry mouth associated with Sjogren's syndrome and radiotherapy. When used to treat glaucoma it is administered as an eye drop. Pilocarpine is a slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma. When applied topically to the eye as a single dose it causes miosis, spasm of accommodation, and may cause a transitory rise in intraocular pressure followed by a more persistent fall. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It increase secretion by the exocrine glands, and produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle (when given topically to the eyes) by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors. Stimulation of the M2 receptors specifically causes the contraction of the ciliary muscles of the eye.
References
Pilocarpine M2 Ciliary Muscle Contraction Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Gregory KJ, Hall NE, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Identification of orthosteric and allosteric site mutations in M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors that contribute to ligand-selective signaling bias. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7459-74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.094011. Epub 2010 Jan 5.
Pubmed: 20051519
Gupta N, McAllister R, Drance SM, Rootman J, Cynader MS: Muscarinic receptor M1 and M2 subtypes in the human eye: QNB, pirenzipine, oxotremorine, and AFDX-116 in vitro autoradiography. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994 Jul;78(7):555-9. doi: 10.1136/bjo.78.7.555.
Pubmed: 7918268
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