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Gq protein signaling cascade Acetylcholinesterase N-type calcium channel Vesicular acetylcholine transporter High affinity choline transporter 1 Choline O- acetyltransferase Ca+ Acetylcholine Dichlorvos Ca+ Choline Choline Metrifonate Metrifonate Acetyl-CoA Choline CoA H2O Acetic acid Metrifonate Acetylcholine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 Acetylcholine Magnesium Presynaptic Neuron Post-Synaptic Neuron 2. An action potential arrives at the nerve terminal and stimulates the opening of the calcium channel, causing an influx of calcium ions 1. Acetylcholine is synthesized and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal 3. Calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis 4. Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft activates muscarinic receptors on the post-synaptic membrane 6. Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetyl-coa 7. Choline is taken back up into the nerve terminal and recycled to create more acetylcholine Dichlorvos inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing acetylcholine breakdown 5. M1 receptor activation stimulates the Gq signaling cascade. The downstream effects are responsible for improving learning and memory ↓ Amyloid-Beta Production ↓ Tau Phosphorylation ↑ Neuronal Survival ↑ Cerebral Blood Flow Vesicle Metrifonate is administered orally and diffuses into the bloodstream and travels to its target within the brain Metrifonate is converted non-enzymatically into dichlorvos which is its active form
GNAQ ACHE CACNB1 SLC18A3 SLC5A7 CHAT Calcium Acetylcholine Dichlorvos Calcium Choline Choline Metrifonate Metrifonate Acetyl-CoA Choline Coenzyme A Water Acetic acid Metrifonate Acetylcholine CHRM1 Acetylcholine
GNAQ ACHE CACNB1 SLC18A3 SLC5A7 CHAT Ca+ ACh DDVP Ca+ Choline Choline Metri Metri Ac-CoA Choline CoA H2O Acoh Metri ACh CHRM1 ACh Mg2+ Presynaptic Neuron Post-Synaptic Neuron 2. An action potential arrives at the nerve terminal and stimulates the opening of the calcium channel, causing an influx of calcium ions 1. Acetylcholine is synthesized and stored in synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal 3. Calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis 4. Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft activates muscarinic receptors on the post-synaptic membrane 6. Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetyl-coa 7. Choline is taken back up into the nerve terminal and recycled to create more acetylcholine Dichlorvos inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing acetylcholine breakdown 5. M1 receptor activation stimulates the Gq signaling cascade. The downstream effects are responsible for improving learning and memory ↓ Amyloid-Beta Production ↓ Tau Phosphorylation ↑ Neuronal Survival ↑ Cerebral Blood Flow Vesicle Metrifonate is administered orally and diffuses into the bloodstream and travels to its target within the brain Metrifonate is converted non-enzymatically into dichlorvos which is its active form
GNAQ ACHE CACNB1 SLC18A3 SLC5A7 CHAT Ca2+ ACh DDVP Ca2+ Choline Choline Metri Metri Ac-CoA Choline CoA H2O Acoh Metri ACh CHRM1 ACh