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Pathway Description
Normethadone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Normethadone is an opioid antitussive used to treat a cough associated with inflamed mucosa.
Normethadone binds to mu opioid receptors, stimulating the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as GABA is inhibited. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. This causes depression in the brain which inhibits the cough centre of the brain.
References
Normethadone Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Adcock JJ: Peripheral opioid receptors and the cough reflex. Respir Med. 1991 Jan;85 Suppl A:43-6. doi: 10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80253-2.
Pubmed: 1852031
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