Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Avermectin B2a biosynthesis
Streptomyces avermitilis
Metabolic Pathway
Avermectin B2a biosynthesis involves several enzymatic reactions that convert simple precursors into a potent anthelmintic compound crucial for both bacterial metabolism and human medicine. The pathway starts with type I polyketide synthase (PKS) AVES 1, which elongates the carbon chain from 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and methylmalonyl-CoA to produce 6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy-5-oxoavermectin "2a" aglycone. This intermediate is then hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase to form 5-oxoavermectin "2a" aglycone, which is further reduced by C-5 ketoreductase to yield avermectin B2a aglycone. The addition of sugar moieties by glycosyltransferase enzymes, specifically dTDP-L-oleandrose transferase, completes the biosynthesis, resulting in avermectin B2a. This pathway is vital for as it provides a mechanism for producing bioactive compounds that can inhibit competing microorganisms. Additionally, avermectin B2a can be used in treating parasitic infections.
References
Avermectin B2a biosynthesis References
Liu W, Zhang Q, Guo J, Chen Z, Li J, Wen Y: Increasing Avermectin Production in Streptomyces avermitilis by Manipulating the Expression of a Novel TetR-Family Regulator and Its Target Gene Product. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Aug;81(15):5157-73. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00868-15. Epub 2015 May 22.
Pubmed: 26002902
Kanehisa, M., 2002, November. The KEGG database. In ‘In silico’simulation of biological processes: Novartis Foundation Symposium 247 (Vol. 247, pp. 91-103). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UniProt Consortium, 2019. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic acids research, 47(D1), pp.D506-D515.
Kim, S., Thiessen, P.A., Bolton, E.E., Chen, J., Fu, G., Gindulyte, A., Han, L., He, J., He, S., Shoemaker, B.A. and Wang, J., 2016. PubChem substance and compound databases. Nucleic acids research, 44(D1), pp.D1202-D1213.
de Matos, P., Adams, N., Hastings, J., Moreno, P. and Steinbeck, C., 2012. A database for chemical proteomics: ChEBI. Chemical Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, pp.273-296.
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings