Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis is an essential pathway in bacteria for producing adenine-containing nucleotides, which are vital for DNA, RNA, and energy metabolism. This process originates from the **de novo purine biosynthesis pathway**, where inosine monophosphate (IMP) serves as the central precursor for adenine nucleotide formation. To produce adenine ribonucleotides, IMP undergoes a two-step conversion. First, IMP is aminated by adenylosuccinate synthetase, using aspartate and GTP as substrates, to form adenylosuccinate. In the second step, adenylosuccinate lyase cleaves adenylosuccinate to yield AMP (adenosine monophosphate) and fumarate as a byproduct. AMP can subsequently be phosphorylated by kinases to produce ADP and ATP, which are essential for cellular energy transfer and signaling processes. ATP also serves as a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions and as a building block for RNA synthesis. This pathway is tightly regulated to maintain adenine nucleotide homeostasis, ensuring bacterial growth, replication, and survival under varying metabolic conditions.

Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis References