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D-serine/D-
alanine/glycine
transporter
D-serine/D-
alanine/glycine
transporter
Threonine/serine
transporter
tdcC
Threonine/serine
transporter
tdcC
Aromatic amino
acid transport
protein AroP
Aromatic amino
acid transport
protein AroP
Aromatic amino
acid transport
protein AroP
L-asparagine
permease
Arginyl-tRNA
synthetase
Cysteinyl-tRNA
synthetase
Glutamyl-tRNA
synthetase
Alanyl-tRNA
synthetase
Glycyl-tRNA
synthetase beta
subunit
Glycyl-tRNA
synthetase alpha
subunit
Seryl-tRNA
synthetase
Threonine/serine
transporter tdcC
Leucyl-tRNA
synthetase
Valyl-tRNA
synthetase
Isoleucyl-tRNA
synthetase
Glutaminyl-tRNA
synthetase
Aspartyl-tRNA
synthetase
Tyrosyl-tRNA
synthetase
Tryptophanyl-tRNA
synthetase
Phenylalanyl-tRNA
synthetase alpha
chain
Phenylalanyl-tRNA
synthetase beta
chain
Asparaginyl-tRNA
synthetase
Histidyl-tRNA
synthetase
Lysyl-tRNA
synthetase, heat
inducible
Methionyl-tRNA
synthetase
Prolyl-tRNA
synthetase
ABC transporter
arginine-
binding protein
1
Arginine ABC
transporter
permease
protein ArtQ
Arginine ABC
transporter
permease
protein ArtM
Arginine
transport
ATP-binding
protein ArtP
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
ATP-binding
protein gltL
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltK
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltJ
Glutamate/aspartate
periplasmic-
binding protein
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livF
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livG
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livH
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livM
Leu/Ile/Val-
binding protein
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livF
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livG
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livH
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livM
Leu/Ile/Val-
binding protein
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livF
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
ATP-binding
protein livG
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livH
High-affinity
branched-chain
amino acid
transport
system permease
protein livM
Leu/Ile/Val-
binding protein
Glutamine
transport
ATP-binding
protein glnQ
Glutamine
transport
system permease
protein glnP
Glutamine-
binding
periplasmic
protein
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
ATP-binding
protein gltL
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltK
Glutamate/aspartate
transport
system permease
protein gltJ
Glutamate/aspartate
periplasmic-
binding protein
Histidine
transport
ATP-binding
protein hisP
Histidine
transport
system permease
protein hisM
Histidine
transport
system permease
protein hisQ
Histidine-
binding
periplasmic
protein
Histidine
transport
system permease
protein hisQ
Histidine
transport
ATP-binding
protein hisP
Histidine
transport
system permease
protein hisM
Lysine-
arginine-
ornithine-
binding
periplasmic
protein
Methionine
import
ATP-binding
protein MetN
D-methionine
transport
system permease
protein metI
D-methionine-
binding
lipoprotein
metQ
Glycine
betaine/L-
proline
transport
ATP-binding
protein proV
Glycine
betaine/L-
proline
transport
system permease
protein proW
Glycine
betaine-binding
periplasmic
protein
L-Alanine
L-Alanine
H+
H+
Glycine
Glycine
H+
H+
L-Serine
L-Serine
H+
H+
L-Threonine
L-Threonine
H+
H+
L-Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine
H+
H+
L-Tryptophan
L-Tryptophan
H+
H+
L-Phenylalanine
L-Phenylalanine
H+
H+
L-Asparagine
L-Asparagine
H+
H+
L-Arginine
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
L-Cysteine
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
L-Glutamic acid
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
L-Leucine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Valine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Isoleucine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Glutamine
ATP
H+
ADP
PPi
L-Aspartic acid
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
L-Histidine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Lysine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Methionine
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Proline
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
L-Arginine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Glutamic acid
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Leucine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Valine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
PPi
H+
L-Isoleucine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Glutamine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Aspartic acid
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Histidine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Lysine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Methionine
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
L-Proline
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
tRNA(Arg)
L-Arginyl-
tRNA(Arg)
tRNA(Cys)
L-Cysteinyl-
tRNA(Cys)
tRNA(Glu)
L-Glutamyl-
tRNA(Glu)
tRNA(Ala)
L-Alanyl-
tRNA(Ala)
tRNA(gly)
Glycyl-
tRNA(Gly)
tRNA(Ser)
L-Seryl-
tRNA(Ser)
tRNA(Thr)
L-Threonyl-
tRNA(Thr)
tRNA(Leu)
L-Leucyl-
tRNA(Leu)
tRNA(Val)
L-Valyl-
tRNA(Val)
tRNA(Ile)
L-Isoleucyl-
tRNA(Ile)
tRNA(Gln)
L-Glutaminyl-
tRNA(Gln)
tRNA(Asp)
L-Aspartyl-
tRNA(Asp)
tRNA(Tyr)
L-Tyrosyl-
tRNA(Tyr)
tRNA(Trp)
L-Tryptophyl-
tRNA(Trp)
tRNA(Phe)
L-
Phenylalanyl-
tRNA(Phe)
tRNA(Asn)
L- Asparaginyl-
tRNA(Asn)
tRNA(His)
L-Histidyl-
tRNA(His)
tRNA(Lys)
L-Lysyl-
tRNA(Lys)
tRNA(Met)
L-Methionyl-
tRNA(Met)
tRNA(Pro)
L-Prolyl-
tRNA(Pro)
Gram-Negative Cell
Cytoplasm
Inner Membrane
Periplasm
Outer Membrane
Plasmid
cycA
cycA
tdcC
tdcC
aroP
aroP
aroP
ansP
argS
cysS
gltX
alaS
glyS
glyQ
serS
tdcC
leuS
valS
ileS
glnS
aspS
tyrS
trpS
pheS
pheT
asnS
hisS
lysU
metG
proS
artJ
artQ
artM
artP
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
glnQ
glnP
glnH
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
hisP
hisM
hisQ
hisJ
hisQ
hisP
hisM
argT
metN
metI
metQ
proV
proW
proX
L-Alanine
L-Alanine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
Glycine
Glycine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Serine
L-Serine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Threonine
L-Threonine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Tryptophan
L-Tryptophan
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Phenylalanine
L-Phenylalanine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Asparagine
L-Asparagine
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen Ion
L-Arginine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
L-Cysteine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
L-Glutamic acid
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
L-Leucine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Valine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Isoleucine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Glutamine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
diphosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Aspartic acid
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Pyrophosphate
Adenosine
monophosphate
L-Histidine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Lysine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Methionine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Proline
Adenosine
triphosphate
Hydrogen Ion
Adenosine
monophosphate
Pyrophosphate
L-Arginine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Glutamic acid
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Leucine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Valine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Pyrophosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Isoleucine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Glutamine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Aspartic acid
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Histidine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Lysine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Methionine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
L-Proline
Adenosine
triphosphate
Water
Adenosine
diphosphate
Phosphate
Hydrogen Ion
tRNA(Arg)
L-Arginyl-
tRNA(Arg)
tRNA(Cys)
L-
Cysteinyl-
tRNA(Cys)
tRNA(Glu)
L- Glutamyl-
tRNA(Glu)
tRNA(Ala)
L-Alanyl-
tRNA(Ala)
tRNA(gly)
Glycyl-
tRNA(Gly)
tRNA(Ser)
L-Seryl-
tRNA(Ser)
tRNA(Thr)
L- Threonyl-
tRNA(Thr)
tRNA(Leu)
L-Leucyl-
tRNA(Leu)
tRNA(Val)
L-Valyl-
tRNA(Val)
tRNA(Ile)
L-
Isoleucyl-
tRNA(Ile)
tRNA(Gln)
L-
Glutaminyl-
tRNA(Gln)
tRNA(Asp)
L- Aspartyl-
tRNA(Asp)
tRNA(Tyr)
L-Tyrosyl-
tRNA(Tyr)
tRNA(Trp)
L-
Tryptophyl-
tRNA(Trp)
tRNA(Phe)
L-
Phenylalanyl-
tRNA(Phe)
tRNA(Asn)
L-
Asparaginyl-
tRNA(Asn)
tRNA(His)
L- Histidyl-
tRNA(His)
tRNA(Lys)
L-Lysyl-
tRNA(Lys)
tRNA(Met)
L-
Methionyl-
tRNA(Met)
tRNA(Pro)
L-Prolyl-
tRNA(Pro)
cycA
cycA
tdcC
tdcC
aroP
aroP
aroP
ansP
argS
cysS
gltX
alaS
glyS
glyQ
serS
tdcC
leuS
valS
ileS
glnS
aspS
tyrS
trpS
pheS
pheT
asnS
hisS
lysU
metG
proS
artJ
artQ
artM
artP
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
glnQ
glnP
glnH
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
hisP
hisM
hisQ
hisJ
hisQ
hisP
hisM
argT
metN
metI
metQ
proV
proW
proX
Ala
Ala
H+
H+
Gly
Gly
H+
H+
Ser
Ser
H+
H+
Thr
Thr
H+
H+
Tyr
Tyr
H+
H+
Trp
Trp
H+
H+
Phe
Phe
H+
H+
Asn
Asn
H+
H+
Arg
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
Cys
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
Glu
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
Leu
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Val
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Ile
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Gln
ATP
H+
ADP
PPi
Asp
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
ATP
H+
PPi
AMP
His
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Lys
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Met
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Pro
ATP
H+
AMP
PPi
Arg
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Glu
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Leu
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Val
ATP
H2 O
ADP
PPi
H+
Ile
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Gln
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Asp
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
His
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Lys
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Met
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
Pro
ATP
H2 O
ADP
Pi
H+
TRNAARG
LATA
TRNACYS
LCTC
TRNAGLU
LGTG
TRNAALA
LATA
TRNAGLY
GTG
TRNASER
LSTS
TRNATHR
LTTT
TRNALEU
LLTL
TRNAVAL
LVTV
TRNAILE
LITI
TRNAGLN
LGTG
TRNAASP
LATA
TRNATYR
LTTT
TRNATRP
LTTT
TRNAPHE
LPTP
TRNAASN
LATA
TRNAHIS
LHTH
TRNALYS
LLTL
TRNAMET
LMTM
TRNAPRO
LPTP
Gram-Negative Cell
Cytoplasm
Inner Membrane
Periplasm
Outer Membrane
Plasmid
cycA
cycA
tdcC
tdcC
aroP
aroP
aroP
ansP
argS
cysS
gltX
alaS
glyS
glyQ
serS
tdcC
leuS
valS
ileS
glnS
aspS
tyrS
trpS
pheS
pheT
asnS
hisS
lysU
metG
proS
artJ
artQ
artM
artP
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
livF
livG
livH
livM
livJ
glnQ
glnP
glnH
gltL
gltK
gltJ
gltI
hisP
hisM
hisQ
hisJ
hisQ
hisP
hisM
argT
metN
metI
metQ
proV
proW
proX
Ala
Ala
H+
H+
Gly
Gly
H+
H+
Ser
Ser
H+
H+
Thr
Thr
H+
H+
Tyr
Tyr
H+
H+
Trp
Trp
H+
H+
Phe
Phe
H+
H+
Asn
Asn
H+
H+
Arg
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
Cys
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
Glu
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
Leu
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Val
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Ile
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Gln
ATP
H+
ADP
Ppi
Asp
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
ATP
H+
Ppi
AMP
His
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Lys
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Met
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Pro
ATP
H+
AMP
Ppi
Arg
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Glu
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Leu
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Val
ATP
H2O
ADP
Ppi
H+
Ile
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Gln
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Asp
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
His
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Lys
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Met
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
Pro
ATP
H2O
ADP
Pi
H+
TRNAARG
LATA
TRNACYS
LCTC
TRNAGLU
LGTG
TRNAALA
LATA
TRNAGLY
GTG
TRNASER
LSTS
TRNATHR
LTTT
TRNALEU
LLTL
TRNAVAL
LVTV
TRNAILE
LITI
TRNAGLN
LGTG
TRNAASP
LATA
TRNATYR
LTTT
TRNATRP
LTTT
TRNAPHE
LPTP
TRNAASN
LATA
TRNAHIS
LHTH
TRNALYS
LLTL
TRNAMET
LMTM
TRNAPRO
LPTP