1. Central Hepatocyte Cell Shape & Color: Large oval, light yellow background (cytoplasm). Inside: Multiple clustered purple glycogen granules scattered mostly in the cytoplasm, showing glycogen accumulation. Annotation: Label "Hepatocyte with glycogen overload (GH)". 2. Glucose Uptake On Cell Membrane (Left Side): GLUT2 transporter depicted as a vertical oval/rectangle. Red arrow pointing from extracellular space into hepatocyte through GLUT2. Label: "Glucose enters via GLUT2". 3. Glucose Metabolism Inside Hepatocyte Glucokinase Enzyme: Circle/oval labeled "Glucokinase" near the inward glucose arrow. Convert glucose → glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Small red arrows from glucokinase to G6P pool. Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6P): Small circle labeled "G6P". Red arrow from G6P pointing toward glycogen synthase. 4. Key Enzymes & Actions Glycogen Synthase (GYS2): Large, green-highlighted enzyme labeled "Glycogen Synthase (GYS2)". Green arrows pointing from G6P and PP1 towards GYS2 indicating activation. Function note: "Converts glucose-1-phosphate to glycogen. Activated by G6P and insulin signaling." Glycogen Phosphorylase: Enzyme icon with red blunt-ended inhibition line directed to it. Label: "Breaks down glycogen; relatively inactive in GH." Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3): Enzyme icon positioned near glycogen synthase. Red blunt inhibitory arrow from GSK-3 to glycogen synthase. Label: "Normally inhibits glycogen synthase, inhibited by insulin." Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1): Labeled component with blue circle. Blue arrow from insulin signaling to PP1 (activation). Green arrow from PP1 activating glycogen synthase. Label: "Dephosphorylates and activates glycogen synthase." 5. Insulin Signaling Cascade (Right Side of Cell) Insulin Molecule: Blue hexagon or symbol binding to Insulin Receptor on cell membrane. Arrows showing signaling cascade inside cell: Blue arrow inhibiting GSK-3 (red blunt arrow crossing). Blue arrow activating PP1. Label for signaling area: "Insulin signaling promotes glycogen synthesis by inhibiting GSK-3 and activating PP1." 6. Glycogen Accumulation Visual of swollen hepatocyte due to glycogen accumulation. Annotation near cell: "Excess glycogen causes hepatocyte swelling → hepatomegaly." 7. Color Legend Red: Glucose and substrate flow. Blue: Insulin signaling pathway. Green: Activation steps. Red blunt arrows: Inhibition / blockade. 8. Additional Inset Box (Optional) Showing "Reversibility of GH with good glycemic control". Insulin therapy → glycogen mobilization → normalization of liver size. Step-by-Step Instructions to Create the Image Start with a large oval in light yellow to represent a single hepatocyte. Add multiple purple circles inside the cell scattered as glycogen granules. On the left edge, draw GLUT2 transporter with a red arrow showing glucose entry. Inside the cell near entry point, place glucokinase enzyme; show glucose → G6P conversion with red arrows. Show G6P as a small circle in the cytoplasm with a red arrow targeting glycogen synthase. Place glycogen synthase enzyme centrally right in green highlight. Add green arrows from G6P and PP1 pointing to glycogen synthase. Add text label for the enzyme role. Nearby, place glycogen phosphorylase with a red blunt arrow indicating inhibition. Place GSK-3 enzyme close to glycogen synthase. Add a red blunt inhibitory arrow pointing from GSK-3 to glycogen synthase. Add protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) enzyme activated by insulin (blue arrow). Connect PP1 to glycogen synthase with a green arrow (activation). On the right membrane, add insulin molecule binding receptor. Draw blue arrows for insulin signaling: one inhibiting GSK-3, another activating PP1. Show hepatocyte swelling via cell expansion or annotation. Add color-coded arrows and label each arrow type in a legend. Optionally, add an inset box showing the reversibility with insulin therapy.

GH References