PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW125905 View Pathway	metabolic Carvedilol Metabolic pathway - Part 1 Homo sapiens Carvedilol can be hydroxlated at the 1 position by CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP1A1 to form 1-hydroxypheylcarvedilol; at the 4 position by CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 to form 4'-hydroxyphenylcarvedilol; at the 5 position by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 to form 5'-hydroxyphenylcarvedilol; and at the 8 position by CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP1A1 to form 8-hydroxycarbazolylcarvedilol. Carvedilol can also be demethylated by CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP2E1 to form O-desmethylcarvedilol. Carvedilol and its metabolites may undergo further sulfate conjugation or glucuronidation before elimination. Carvedilol can be O-glucuronidated by UGT1A1, UGT2B4, and UGT2B7 to form carvedilol glucuronide. (DrugBank) Reactions associated with Carvedilol are attached as a sub-pathway (Carvedilol Metabolic pathway - Part 2) BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: April 27, 2021 at 06:15 Last Updated: April 27, 2021 at 06:15
PW125906 View Pathway	metabolic Carvedilol Metabolic pathway - Part 2 Homo sapiens Carvedilol can be hydroxlated at the 1 position by CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP1A1 to form 1-hydroxypheylcarvedilol; at the 4 position by CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 to form 4'-hydroxyphenylcarvedilol; at the 5 position by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 to form 5'-hydroxyphenylcarvedilol; and at the 8 position by CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP1A1 to form 8-hydroxycarbazolylcarvedilol. Carvedilol can also be demethylated by CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP2E1 to form O-desmethylcarvedilol. Carvedilol and its metabolites may undergo further sulfate conjugation or glucuronidation before elimination. Carvedilol can be O-glucuronidated by UGT1A1, UGT2B4, and UGT2B7 to form carvedilol glucuronide. (DrugBank) Reactions associated with Carvedilol are attached as a sub-pathway (Carvedilol Metabolic pathway - Part 1) BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: April 28, 2021 at 05:01 Last Updated: April 28, 2021 at 05:01
PW130000 View Pathway	metabolic Casein Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: September 14, 2023 at 20:23 Last Updated: September 14, 2023 at 20:23
PW127407 View Pathway	drug action Caspofungin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It is known as the brand Cancidas. It is used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of other therapies.It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Caspofungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme present in fungal, but not mammalian cells. This prevents the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, which ultimately leads to osmotic instability and cell death. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: January 09, 2023 at 11:08 Last Updated: January 09, 2023 at 11:08
PW144639 View Pathway	drug action Caspofungin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:05 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:05
PW176570 View Pathway	drug action Castor Oil Action Pathway Homo sapiens Castor Oil is a prostaglandin E1 analog that reduces the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. Castor Oil stimulates prostaglandin receptors on parietal cells in the stomach to reduce gastric acid secretion. Castor Oil activates prostaglandin EP3 receptors in parietal cells. Activation of this receptor triggers the Gi protein signaling cascade, inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is responsible for converting ATP to cAMP, therefore, inhibition of adenylate cyclase reduces cytosolic cAMP concentration. cAMP is responsible for activating protein kinase A. With lower concentrations of cAMP, less protein kinase A is activated. Protein kinase A activates the proton pump in the luminal membrane of the parietal cell. The role of the proton pump is to secrete acid (H+) into the stomach lumen. With reduced protein kinase A activation, this decreases the activity of the proton pump, fewer H+ ions are pumped into the lumen, reducing the acidity and thus allowing stomach ulcers to heal and reducing the pain caused by the ulcers. Castor Oil may also promote ulcer healing by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion and thickening the mucosal bilayer so the mucosa can generate new cells. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: December 19, 2023 at 11:45 Last Updated: December 19, 2023 at 11:45
PW124315 View Pathway	metabolic Catabolismo de Pirimidinas (CV) Homo sapiens Ruta catóbólica de pirimidinas. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Valeria Created On: November 06, 2020 at 20:20 Last Updated: November 06, 2020 at 20:20
PW124317 View Pathway	metabolic Catabolismo de Purinas (CV) Homo sapiens Catabolismo de purinas para obtener ácido úrico como producto final. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Valeria Created On: November 06, 2020 at 21:10 Last Updated: November 06, 2020 at 21:10
PW124362 View Pathway	metabolic Catechol E. coli Escherichia coli BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: November 25, 2020 at 07:50 Last Updated: November 25, 2020 at 07:50
PW000017 View Pathway	metabolic Catecholamine Biosynthesis Homo sapiens The Catecholamine Biosynthesis pathway depicts the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters. Catecholamines are chemical hormones released from the adrenal glands as a response to stress that activate the sympathetic nervous system. They are composed of a catechol group and are derived from amino acids. The commonly found catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. They are synthesized in catecholaminergic neurons by four enzymes, beginning with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which generates L-DOPA from tyrosine. The L-DOPA is then converted to dopamine via aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), which becomes norepinephrine via dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH); and finally is converted to epinephrine via phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 01, 2013 at 13:54 Last Updated: August 01, 2013 at 13:54