PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW144869 View Pathway	drug action Clopidogrel Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:36 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:36
PW124569 View Pathway	metabolic Clopidogrel Metabolic Pathway Homo sapiens 85-90% of an oral dose undergoes first pass metabolism by carboxylesterase 1 in the liver to an inactive carboxylic acid metabolite. About 2% of clopidogrel is oxidized to 2-oxoclopidogrel. This conversion is 35.8% by CYP1A2, 19.4% by CYP2B6, and 44.9% by CYP2C194 though other studies suggest CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 also contribute. 2-oxoclopidogrel is further metabolized to the active metabolite. This conversion is 32.9% by CYP2B6, 6.79% by CYP2C9, 20.6% by CYP2C19, and 39.8% by CYP3A4. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: March 02, 2021 at 17:22 Last Updated: March 02, 2021 at 17:22
PW000586 View Pathway	drug metabolism Clopidogrel Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Clopidogrel, marketed as Plavix, is an antiplatelet drug that targets the P2Y12 receptor of platelets. Clopidogrel is taken orally as a prodrug, and must be metabolically activated before it can be effective. It first enters the liver and enters the endoplasmic reticulum where it is metabolized to form the active metabolite. First, it is catalyzed by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2B6 and 1A2 into 2-oxoclopidogrel. Secondly, it is processed by cytochromes P450 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, 3A5, and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 into the active metabolite of clopidogrel. The active metabolite of clopidogrel then enters the blood stream, where it binds irreversibly to the P2Y purinoreceptor 12 on the surface of platelet cells, preventing ADP from binding to and activating it. Clopidogrel prevents the activation of the Gi protein associated with the P2Y12 receptor from inactivating adenylate cyclase in the platelet, leading to a buildup of cAMP. This cAMP then activates calcium efflux pumps, preventing calcium buildup in the platelet, which would cause activation, and later, aggregation. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 11, 2013 at 22:33 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 at 22:33
PW146999 View Pathway	metabolic Clorazepate Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 13:37 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 13:37
PW127704 View Pathway	drug action Clorazepic Acid Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clorazepic acid or clorazepate is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, partial seizures, and alcohol withdrawal. Clorazepate is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. It is also used as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures and for the symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal. Clorazepate is a benzodiazepine with depressant effects on the central nervous system.8 Benzodiazepines are able to enhance the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to the GABA type A (GABA-A) receptor by binding to a region in the extracellular domain found at the interface between the alpha (α) and gamma (γ) subunits of the GABA-A receptor. The interaction of GABA and the GABA-A receptor promotes channel opening, leading to an increased chloride influx. Consequently, the use of benzodiazepines, such as clorazepate, leads to neuronal hyperpolarization. Clorazepate is a prodrug for nordiazepam which is converted in the liver. Some side effects of using clorazepic acid may include dizziness, nervousness, blurred vision, and headache. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: May 24, 2023 at 12:20 Last Updated: May 24, 2023 at 12:20
PW176011 View Pathway	metabolic Clorazepic acid Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Clorazepic acid are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 29, 2023 at 13:12 Last Updated: November 29, 2023 at 13:12
PW132553 View Pathway	metabolic Clothiapine Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Clothiapine is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Clothiapine passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:23 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:23
PW146623 View Pathway	drug action Clothiapine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:39 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:39
PW127706 View Pathway	drug action Clotiazepam Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine used to manage anxiety disorders and insomnia. Clotiazepam (marketed under brand name Clozan, Distensan, Trecalmo, Rize, Rizen and Veratran) is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. Clotiazepam binds to the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor where it acts as a full agonist; this action results in an enhanced GABA inhibitory effect at the GABAA receptor which results in the pharmacological effects of clotiazepam. Clotiazepam acts at the benzodiazepine receptors (BZD). This agonizes the action of GABA, increasing the frequency of opening of the channel chlorinates and penetration of the ions chlorinates through the ionophore. Increase in membrane polarization decreases the probability of discharge of neurons. Some side effects of using Clotiazepam may include drowsiness, lightheadedness, and vertigo. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: May 24, 2023 at 13:44 Last Updated: May 24, 2023 at 13:44
PW145444 View Pathway	drug action Clotiazepam Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:50 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:50