PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW000347 View Pathway	drug action Clindamycin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clindamycin is a natural antibiotic that produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis, which can be used for treating various bacterial infections by binding and inhibiting 23S portion of 50S subunit of ribosomes. Blocking the portion of ribosome can prevent transpeptidase reaction that will elongate peptide chain. Clindamycin has a bacteriostatic effect. It is used primarily to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, including infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue infections, and peritonitis. In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, clindamycin may be used to treat infections caused by susceptible aerobic bacteria as well. Clindamycin may also be used in combination with chloroquine and quinine to treat malaria caused by Pasmodium falciparum. It is commonly used as a topical treatment for acne, and can be useful against some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Clindamycin may also be used to treat bone and joint infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureu BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW124195 View Pathway	drug action Clindamycin Anti-Bacterial Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clindamycin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic that is related to lincomycin, which is a naturally occurring lincosamide from the organism Streptomyces lincolnensis. Clindamycin has largely replaced lincomycin as treatment as it has better properties. It can be taken orally in a capsule, as a cream, or an injection intravenously or intramuscularly. This antibiotic is used to treat a variety of infections including and not limited to bone or joint infections, strep throat, ear infections, pneumonia and acne. It mainly targets anaerobic bacteria, gram-positive cocci and bacilli and gram-negative bacilli meaning it has a very narrow spectrum of activity. Clindamycin's mechanism of action works by inhibiting the 23S rRNA which is a component of the 50S subunit of bacteria ribosomes. Clindamycin resembles the L-Pro-Met-tRNA which can bind within the subunit, but in Clindamycin's case, it inhibits further protein synthesis. It impedes both the assembly of the ribosomal subunits as well as initiation dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from the ribosomes halting translation. Sometimes Clindamycin is administered with other antibiotics that can interrupt cell membranes allowing their entry, as well as clindamycin can also just be administered by itself and taken up in transporters. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Kristen Yee Created On: October 06, 2020 at 20:16 Last Updated: October 06, 2020 at 20:16
PW145277 View Pathway	drug action Clindamycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:27 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:27
PW145574 View Pathway	drug action Clioquinol Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:06 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:06
PW127703 View Pathway	drug action Clobazam Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clobazam is a benzodiazepine used as adjunct treatment in seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It can be found under the brand names Onfi and Sympazan. Clobazam acts on the GABAA receptor to increase GABAnergic transmission, particularly chloride conductance in neurons. This causes neuronal hyperpolarization, resulting in an increase in the action potential threshold and reducing neuron firing frequency. Consequently, the general neuronal activity of the central nervous system is depressed; therefore, clobazam can be used to treat diseases caused by excessive excitatory action potentials. The exact mechanism of action for clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine, is not fully understood but is thought to involve the potentiation of GABAergic neurotransmission resulting from binding at the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor. Specifically, clobazam binds to the interface of the α2 and γ2-subunit of the GABAA receptor. It has a great affinity for the α2 subunit than the α1 subunit compared to other 1,4‐benzodiazepines. Binding of clobazam to the GABAA receptor causes chloride channels to open, resulting in an influx of chloride and thus hyperpolarization of neurons. Some side effects of using clobazam may include tiredness, drooling, and vomiting. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: May 24, 2023 at 11:27 Last Updated: May 24, 2023 at 11:27
PW144475 View Pathway	drug action Clobazam Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:42 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:42
PW176006 View Pathway	metabolic Clobazam Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Clobazam are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 29, 2023 at 13:10 Last Updated: November 29, 2023 at 13:10
PW147056 View Pathway	metabolic Clobetasol Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 13:45 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 13:45
PW127776 View Pathway	drug action Clobetasol propionate Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid derived from prednisolone but with a higher specificity for glucocorticoid receptors than mineralocorticoid receptors. It is used to treat corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence the effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Clobetasol propionate also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases the concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation. Lower doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect, while higher doses are immunosuppressive. Clobetasol propionate is administered as a topical cream, foam, aerosol, shampoo, gel, or ointment. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: June 01, 2023 at 13:47 Last Updated: June 01, 2023 at 13:47
PW145111 View Pathway	drug action Clobetasol propionate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:06 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:06