PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW124095 View Pathway	signaling CB2 Receptor Homo sapiens CB2 receptors are located throughout the peripheral nervous system, in immune cells, and in microglial cells within the brain stem. They are closely tied to immune responses, mediating inflammatory responses in the brain and throughout the body. CB2 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors and are especially critical in promoting chemotaxis through the release of chemokines. The main mechanism of action involves inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, which increases the concentration of cAMP in the cell. Through its coupling with G-proteins, CB2 inhibits calcium channels in the cell membrane, disrupting the flow of calcium ions into the cell and can further regulate calcium concentrations when acted upon by anandamide. However, CB2 seems to not have an effect on potassium channels, a marked difference from CB1 receptors. Activation of CB2 receptors also activates MAPK and its associated signalling pathway, which affects translation and transcription especially in relation to mitosis. CB2's most remarkable difference from CB1 is its effect on the release of chemokines. Depending on the ligand binding to it, CB2 can act either to promote or suppress the release of chemokines from the cell, enabling both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This versatility, combined with CB2's lack of psychotropic effects makes it a promising target for therapeutic treatments of a range of conditions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Alyssah Created On: August 20, 2020 at 10:35 Last Updated: August 20, 2020 at 10:35
PW064729 View Pathway	metabolic CCM Escherichia coli BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: April 28, 2018 at 21:23 Last Updated: April 28, 2018 at 21:23
PW122205 View Pathway	protein CD40L Signalling Pathway Bos taurus CD40 is a part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. When bound to it’s main ligand CD40L, also known as CD154, CD40-CD40L interaction initializes the activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes or results in carcinoma cells apoptosis. CD40 can be expressed on many different cell surfaces such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, and basal epithelial cells. When combined with the variety of environments CD40 presenting cells can be in, the differing effects resulting from CD40 signalling is vast. However, one characteristic all CD40 mediated signalling has in common is that instead of using kinase to mediate signal transduction, signalling is performed through downstream adapter molecules. Some pathways activated by CD40-CD40L signalling include the activation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, c-Jun-NH2-kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. All of which ultimately help regulate alterations in gene expression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 14:59 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 14:59
PW122229 View Pathway	protein CD40L Signalling Pathway Rattus norvegicus CD40 is a part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. When bound to it’s main ligand CD40L, also known as CD154, CD40-CD40L interaction initializes the activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes or results in carcinoma cells apoptosis. CD40 can be expressed on many different cell surfaces such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, and basal epithelial cells. When combined with the variety of environments CD40 presenting cells can be in, the differing effects resulting from CD40 signalling is vast. However, one characteristic all CD40 mediated signalling has in common is that instead of using kinase to mediate signal transduction, signalling is performed through downstream adapter molecules. Some pathways activated by CD40-CD40L signalling include the activation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, c-Jun-NH2-kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. All of which ultimately help regulate alterations in gene expression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 15:07 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 15:07
PW122181 View Pathway	protein CD40L Signalling Pathway Mus musculus CD40 is a part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. When bound to it’s main ligand CD40L, also known as CD154, CD40-CD40L interaction initializes the activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes or results in carcinoma cells apoptosis. CD40 can be expressed on many different cell surfaces such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, and basal epithelial cells. When combined with the variety of environments CD40 presenting cells can be in, the differing effects resulting from CD40 signalling is vast. However, one characteristic all CD40 mediated signalling has in common is that instead of using kinase to mediate signal transduction, signalling is performed through downstream adapter molecules. Some pathways activated by CD40-CD40L signalling include the activation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, c-Jun-NH2-kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. All of which ultimately help regulate alterations in gene expression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 14:51 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 14:51
PW090779 View Pathway	protein CD40L Signalling Pathway Homo sapiens CD40 is a part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. When bound to it’s main ligand CD40L, also known as CD154, CD40-CD40L interaction initializes the activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes or results in carcinoma cells apoptosis. CD40 can be expressed on many different cell surfaces such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, and basal epithelial cells. When combined with the variety of environments CD40 presenting cells can be in, the differing effects resulting from CD40 signalling is vast. However, one characteristic all CD40 mediated signalling has in common is that instead of using kinase to mediate signal transduction, signalling is performed through downstream adapter molecules. Some pathways activated by CD40-CD40L signalling include the activation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, c-Jun-NH2-kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. All of which ultimately help regulate alterations in gene expression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Jonas Patron Created On: August 14, 2018 at 10:44 Last Updated: August 14, 2018 at 10:44
PW064757 View Pathway	metabolic CDRS Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: June 12, 2018 at 03:30 Last Updated: June 12, 2018 at 03:30
PW146938 View Pathway	drug action Cedazuridine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 19:23 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 19:23
PW176937 View Pathway	drug action Cefaclor Action Pathway Escherichia coli Cefaclor is a 1-β methyl-carbapenem that is structurally related to beta-lactam antibiotics.5 It was first authorized for use in the US in November 2001 and in Europe in April 2002. Shown to be effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, ertapenem is used to treat various bacterial infections. Cefaclor exhibits a bactericidal mode of action. It works by binding to and inhibiting bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).5 In Escherichia coli, it has a strong affinity toward PBPs 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with preferential binding to PBPs 2 and 3.5 Upon binding to PBPs, ertapenem inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the lengthening and strengthening of the peptidoglycan portion of the cell wall, thereby inhibiting cell wall synthesis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: January 02, 2024 at 09:17 Last Updated: January 02, 2024 at 09:17
PW144939 View Pathway	drug action Cefaclor Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:45 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:45