PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW127151 View Pathway	disease Segawa Syndrome Homo sapiens Segawa syndrome is a condition in which the affected individual has a clumsy or unusual gait, and experiences involuntary muscle contractions and uncontrolled movements (dystonia). Some cases are mild, while others can be severe. The beginning signs of this condition are dystonia in the legs, and clubfeet. The cause of this condition is a mutation in the GCH1 gene. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an important compound in the production of neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine and serotonin, and the processing of quite a few amino acids, The mutation on GCH1 causes GTP cyclohydrase 1 production to be reduced or absent which causes the first three steps of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis to be compromised. Dopamine is imperative in maintaining smooth muscle movements, which is why patients with Segawa syndrome experience movement problems and an unusual gait. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 25, 2022 at 15:41 Last Updated: October 25, 2022 at 15:41
PW128142 View Pathway	drug action Segesterone acetate Action Pathway Homo sapiens Segesterone acetate, also known as Annovera, is a synthetic progestin derived from 19-norprogesterone. This drug is very potent; it mediates progestational activity 100 times higher than that of progesterone. It is used as a contraceptive but also as a treatment for endometriosis in South American countries. Segesterone acetate binds selectively to progesterone receptors. This drug differs from other contraceptives because it needs to be administered parenterally since it is rapidly metabolized in the liver. Segesterone acetate is not active when taken orally, but it is proved to be an anti-ovulatory agent when given in implants, vaginal rings, or percutaneous gel. This drug acts by binding as an agonist to the progesterone receptors in the hypothalamus, this causes the level of production of Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) to increase. This lower the transcription of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the pituitary gland. This prevents ovulation by blocking the midcycle surge in LH, resulting in the inhibition of ovarian follicles. This drug is administered as a vaginal ring that is releasing the hormone for 21 days. The cycle of 21 days can be repeated for 13 cycles. This vaginal ring also contains ethinyl estradiol. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: July 24, 2023 at 11:20 Last Updated: July 24, 2023 at 11:20
PW146856 View Pathway	drug action Segesterone acetate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 19:12 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 19:12
PW128323 View Pathway	drug action Selegiline Action Pathway Homo sapiens Selegiline is an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOIs). It is indicated for the initial treatment of Parkinson's disease and for adjunct therapy in patients that are having decreased response to levodopa or carbadopa. This molecule can also be used as a palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease and at very high doses, for the treatment of depression. The monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of many amines like serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. There are 2 isoforms of this protein: A and B. The first one is found in cells located in the periphery and breakdown serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine. The second one, the B isoform, breakdowns phenylethylamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine. This isoform is found in the extracellular tissues and mostly in the brain. The mechanism of action of the MAOIs is still not determined, it is thought that they act by increasing free serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations and/or by altering the concentrations of other amines in the CNS. MAO-A inhibition is thought to be more relevant to antidepressant activity than the inhibition caused by MAO B. Selective MAO B inhibitors have no antidepressant effects. MAO-B is involved in the nigrostriatal pathways, it accelerates the breakdown of dopamine in the cells. Selegiline binds selectively to MAO-B, this hinders the microsomal breakdown of dopamine, thereby amplifying the dopaminergic activities in the substantial nigra. At higher doses, selegiline can also binds MAO-A, enabling its application in depression treatment. This drug is administered as an oral tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: August 21, 2023 at 08:56 Last Updated: August 21, 2023 at 08:56
PW145133 View Pathway	drug action Selegiline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:09 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:09
PW146212 View Pathway	drug action Selenic acid Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:41 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:41
PW146250 View Pathway	drug action Selenious acid Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:47 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:47
PW146256 View Pathway	drug action Selenium Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:48 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:48
PW001894 View Pathway	metabolic Selenium Metabolism Escherichia coli The selenium metabolism begins with the introduction of selenate and selenite to the cytosol through a sulphate permease system. Once in the cell, selenate can be reduced to selenite through nitrate reductases A and Z. Selenite then interacts with glutathione and 2 hydrogen ions resulting in the release of 2 water molecules, a hydroxide molecule, a glutathione disulfide and a selenodiglutathione. The latter compound then reacts with NADPH+H resulting in the release of a NADP, a glutathione and a glutathioselenol. Glutathiolselenol can then be oxidize resulting in a a glutathiolselenol ion which can then interact with a water molecule resulting in a release of glutathion and selenium Glutathiolselenol can also react with NADPH and hydrogen ion resulting in a release of glutathione, NADP, a hydroxide molecule and a hydrogen selenide. This compound can react in a reversible reaction by being oxidized resulting in a hydrogen selenide ion . This compound can then be phosphorylated by interacting with an ATP and releasing a AMP, a phosphate and a selenophosphate. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: miguel ramirez Created On: September 10, 2015 at 12:37 Last Updated: September 10, 2015 at 12:37
PW123413 View Pathway	metabolic Selenium Metabolism Pseudomonas aeruginosa The selenium metabolism begins with the introduction of selenate and selenite to the cytosol through a sulphate permease system. Once in the cell, selenate can be reduced to selenite through nitrate reductases A and Z. Selenite then interacts with glutathione and 2 hydrogen ions resulting in the release of 2 water molecules, a hydroxide molecule, a glutathione disulfide and a selenodiglutathione. The latter compound then reacts with NADPH+H resulting in the release of a NADP, a glutathione and a glutathioselenol. Glutathiolselenol can then be oxidize resulting in a a glutathiolselenol ion which can then interact with a water molecule resulting in a release of glutathion and selenium Glutathiolselenol can also react with NADPH and hydrogen ion resulting in a release of glutathione, NADP, a hydroxide molecule and a hydrogen selenide. This compound can react in a reversible reaction by being oxidized resulting in a hydrogen selenide ion . This compound can then be phosphorylated by interacting with an ATP and releasing a AMP, a phosphate and a selenophosphate. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 12, 2019 at 21:54 Last Updated: August 12, 2019 at 21:54