PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW058511 View Pathway	drug action Talastine H1-Antihistamine Action Homo sapiens Talastine is a first-generation alkylamine H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors. Furthermore, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g. nervousness and insomnia). Second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1-receptors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, these newer drugs elicit fewer adverse drug reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: September 15, 2017 at 15:23 Last Updated: September 15, 2017 at 15:23
PW132539 View Pathway	metabolic Talazoparib Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Talazoparib is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Talazoparib passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:20 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:20
PW146446 View Pathway	drug action Talazoparib Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:13 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:13
PW127729 View Pathway	drug action Talbutal Action Pathway Homo sapiens Talbutal, also called 5-allyl-5-sec-butylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate with a short to intermediate duration of action. It is a nonselective central nervous system (CNS) depressant. As with other barbiturates, talbutal is capable of producing all levels of CNS mood alteration from excitation to mild sedation, hypnosis, and deep coma. Barbiturates may also induce anesthesia at sufficiently high therapeutic doses. Talbutal binds to GABAA receptors at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore of the receptor. Upon binding, talbutal increases the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open, leading to prolonged inhibitory effect of GABA at the postsynaptic thalamic neuron. Talbutal is a potentiator of the GABA(A) alpha-1 through alpha-6 subunits. Some side effects of using Talbutal may include drowsiness, loss or coordination, nausea, and insomnia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: May 29, 2023 at 07:50 Last Updated: May 29, 2023 at 07:50
PW132536 View Pathway	metabolic Talbutal Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Talbutal is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Talbutal passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:18 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:18
PW144434 View Pathway	drug action Talbutal Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:37 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:37
PW146181 View Pathway	drug action Talc Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:36 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:36
PW000250 View Pathway	drug action Tamoxifen Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer. Tamoxifen itself only has weak anti-estrogen effects and must be converted into more active metabolites to have therapeutic activity. Metabolism takes place in the liver and is carried out primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Tamoxifen is hydroxylated by CYP2D6 and demethylated by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, producing the active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen. These metabolites inhibit estrogen binding to estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells, which in turn inhibit tumour growth. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW126183 View Pathway	drug action Tamoxifen Anti-Cancer Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tamoxifen is an anticancer drug that is a selective estrogen receptor modulator also known as a non-steroidal anti-estrogen. It is used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer as well for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer post surgery. It is also prescribed as a prophylaxis for women with a high risk of breast cancer. It's often prescribed alone or possible as an adjuvant in other treatments. Tamoxifen's mechanism of action works by inhibiting the growth of tumor cells while also promoting apoptosis. It competitively inhibits estrogen/estradiol binding to its receptor which prevents the coactivator from binding to the receptor-tamoxifen complex in the nucleus. This prevents transcription of the estrogen target genes decreasing the production of tumor growth factor alpha and insulin-like growth factor 1 while increasing sex hormone binding globulin. Tamoxifen is also shown to induce apoptosis in estrogen receptor positive cancer cells. The action might be due to the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) which inhibits DNA synthesis. Overdose of tamoxifen leads to acute neurotoxicity seen by tremors, hyperreflexia, unsteady gait, and dizziness. Tamoxifen is usually administered in an oral form in a tablet or solution form. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Kristen Yee Created On: August 05, 2021 at 21:10 Last Updated: August 05, 2021 at 21:10
PW144787 View Pathway	drug action Tamoxifen Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:25 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:25