PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145051 View Pathway	drug action Naratriptan Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:59 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:59
PW128609 View Pathway	drug action Naratriptan Mechanism of Action Action Pathway Homo sapiens Triptans are a class of medications used in the treatment of migraine headaches. Triptans act as antimigraine agents by selectively binding to the serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D. Triptan binding to the vascular 5-HT1B receptors leads to vasoconstriction of the cranial arteries, which painfully dilate during a migraine attack. Naratriptan is a selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist and leads to vasoconstriction in the basilar artery and the blood vessels of the dura mater. It decreases peripheral nociception either by selective cranial vasoconstriction or an effect on trigeminovascular nerves. The blocking effect of sumatriptan indicated a peripheral effect on trigeminal vascular nerves in neurogenically mediated plasma extravasation. Naratriptan has only a weak affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT7 receptors and no significant affinity or pharmacological activity at 5-HT2, 5-HT3 or 5-HT4 receptor subtypes or at alpha1-, alpha2-, or beta-adrenergic, dopamine1,; dopamine2; muscarinic, or benzodiazepine receptors. Three distinct pharmacological actions have been implicated in the antimigraine effect of the triptans: (1) stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT1D receptors, which serves to inhibit both dural vasodilation and inflammation; (2) direct inhibition of trigeminal nuclei cell excitability via 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonism in the brainstem and (3) vasoconstriction of meningeal, dural, cerebral or pial vessels as a result of vascular 5-HT1B receptor agonism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: September 06, 2023 at 15:22 Last Updated: September 06, 2023 at 15:22
PW176101 View Pathway	metabolic Naratriptan Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Naratriptan are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 29, 2023 at 13:57 Last Updated: November 29, 2023 at 13:57
PW127396 View Pathway	drug action Natamycin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Natamycin is a macrolide antifungal used to treat fungal infections of the eye. Natamycin is an antifungal drug for topical ophthalmic administration. It possesses in vitro activity against a variety of yeast and filamentous fungi, including Candida, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Fusarium and Penicillium. Natamycin inhibits fungal growth by binding to ergosterol in the plasma membrane, preventing ergosterol-dependent fusion of vacuoles and membrane fusion and fission. This differs from the mechanism of most other polyene antibiotics, which tend to work by altering fungal membrane permeability instead. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: January 04, 2023 at 13:09 Last Updated: January 04, 2023 at 13:09
PW132613 View Pathway	metabolic Natamycin Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Natamycin is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Natamycin passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:38 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:38
PW144932 View Pathway	drug action Natamycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:44 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:44
PW000432 View Pathway	drug action Nateglinide Action Pathway Homo sapiens Nateglinide is a non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. As the name of the drug class suggests, nateglinide acts on pancreatic beta-cells to stimulate insulin secretion. Under physiological conditions, insulin secretion from beta-cells is mediated by elevated glucose concentration in the blood. Glucose enters the cell via GLUT2 (SLC2A2) transporters. Once inside the cell, glucose is metabolized to produce ATP. High concentration of ATP will inhibit ATP-dependent potassium channels (ABCC8), which depolarizes the cell. Depolarization causes opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium to enter cell. High intracellular calcium subsequently stimulate vesicle exocytosis and insulin secretion. Nateglinide stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-sensitive manner by inhibiting ATP-dependent potassium channels. As a result, there tends to be a lesser likelihood of hypoglycemia with nateglinide therapy compared to sulfonylureas. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:46 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:46
PW127988 View Pathway	drug action Nateglinide Action Pathway (New) Homo sapiens Nateglinide is an antihyperglycemic agent, a meglitinide one. It is used in the treatment of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This drug had the function to increase the insulin release by the pancreas to the blood. It does this by inhibiting the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in a glucose-dependent manner. This drug does not act on the insulin level without the presence of glucose, which differentiates it from sulfonylurea drugs. The mechanism of action starts with the need for functioning beta cells in the pancreas and glucose in the blood. Since the release of insulin is controlled by the beta cells membrane potential, the binding of the drug to the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 8 causes its closing. This results in the depolarization of the cell and the opening of the L-type calcium channels. In consequence, the increased concentration of calcium results in the stimulation of the calcium-dependent exocytosis of insulin granules. An overdose of this drug may result in the development of hypoglycemic symptoms. Nateglinide is administered as an oral tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: June 27, 2023 at 09:40 Last Updated: June 27, 2023 at 09:40
PW144842 View Pathway	drug action Nateglinide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:32 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:32
PW124604 View Pathway	metabolic Nateglinide Metabolic Pathway Homo sapiens Hepatic, via cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2C9 (70%) and CYP3A4 (30%). Metabolism is via hydroxylation followed by glucuronidation. The major metabolites have less antidiabetic activity than nateglinide, but the isoprene minor metabolite has antidiabetic activity comparable to that of nateglinide. (DrugBank) BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: March 23, 2021 at 14:19 Last Updated: March 23, 2021 at 14:19