PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW144781 View Pathway	drug action Sumatriptan Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:25 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:25
PW128601 View Pathway	drug action Sumatriptan Mechanism of Action Action Pathway Homo sapiens Triptans are a class of medications used in the treatment of migraine headaches. Triptans act as antimigraine agents by selectively binding to the serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D. Triptan binding to the vascular 5-HT1B receptors leads to vasoconstriction of the cranial arteries, which painfully dilate during a migraine attack. Sumatriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist and leads to vasoconstriction in the basilar artery and the blood vessels of the dura mater. It decreases peripheral nociception either by selective cranial vasoconstriction or an effect on trigeminovascular nerves. The blocking effect of sumatriptan indicated a peripheral effect on trigeminal vascular nerves in neurogenically mediated plasma extravasation. Sumatriptan inhibits the presynaptic terminal of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, which leads to the reversal of facial allodynia. Triptans decrease transmission of the pain impulses to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and reduce inflammatory mediators from trigeminal nerves, therefore reducing calcitonin gene-related peptide-mediated vasodilation. Migraine pain is associated with middle cerebral artery dilatation, which leads to a lower velocity of regional cerebral blood flow. Sumatriptan reverses the dilatation of MCA, which suggests that the 5-HT receptor system has a role in the pathogenesis of a migraine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: September 06, 2023 at 09:58 Last Updated: September 06, 2023 at 09:58
PW128477 View Pathway	drug action Sunitinib Action Pathway Homo sapiens Sunitinib is a chemotherapeutic agent and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor utilized in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Approved by the US FDA on January 26, 2006, it's administered orally and operates as a multi-targeted small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Its actions encompass inhibiting key signaling pathways by targeting various RTKs, including platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF-R), and KIT (CD117) in GIST cases. Sunitinib also affects RET, CSF-1R, and flt3 RTKs. Indicated conditions for sunitinib include advanced RCC, adjuvant treatment post-nephrectomy for high-risk recurrent RCC, and well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Its mechanism entails inhibiting RTKs implicated in cancer progression, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. This inhibition encompasses PDGFRa, PDGFRb, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, KIT, FLT3, CSF-1R, and RET receptors. The primary metabolite mirrors sunitinib's potency in relevant assays. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: August 30, 2023 at 13:53 Last Updated: August 30, 2023 at 13:53
PW145351 View Pathway	drug action Sunitinib Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:38
PW002053 View Pathway	metabolic Superoxide Radicals Degradation Escherichia coli In gram-negative bacteria, cytoplasmic and periplasmic isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is their defense system against superoxide anion (O2-). In E.coli, there are several SOD isozymes which are manganese-cofactored (MnSOD), iron-cofactored (FeSOD) and copper, zinc-cofactored (CuZnSOD) in perplasm, and they can be generated by autooxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane. In E.coli, MnSOD and FeSOD have similar structure and kinetic, but CuZnSOD is monomeric. FeSOD is the only SOD in E.coli under anaerobic conditions. MnSOD is induced by environmental stress condition as well as aerobic growth. CuZnSOD is induced in stationary phase. SOD will catalyze the superoxide anion to form oxygen and H2O2. With increasing concentration of H2O2, catalase such as cryptic adenine deaminase is induced in E.coli to degrade H2O2 into water and oxygen. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: October 08, 2015 at 12:00 Last Updated: October 08, 2015 at 12:00
PW123543 View Pathway	metabolic Superoxide Radicals Degradation Pseudomonas aeruginosa In gram-negative bacteria, cytoplasmic and periplasmic isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is their defense system against superoxide anion (O2-). In E.coli, there are several SOD isozymes which are manganese-cofactored (MnSOD), iron-cofactored (FeSOD) and copper, zinc-cofactored (CuZnSOD) in perplasm, and they can be generated by autooxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane. In E.coli, MnSOD and FeSOD have similar structure and kinetic, but CuZnSOD is monomeric. FeSOD is the only SOD in E.coli under anaerobic conditions. MnSOD is induced by environmental stress condition as well as aerobic growth. CuZnSOD is induced in stationary phase. SOD will catalyze the superoxide anion to form oxygen and H2O2. With increasing concentration of H2O2, catalase such as cryptic adenine deaminase is induced in E.coli to degrade H2O2 into water and oxygen. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 12, 2019 at 22:29 Last Updated: August 12, 2019 at 22:29
PW000258 View Pathway	drug action Suprofen Action Pathway Homo sapiens Suprofen (also named Profenal and Maldocil) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It can be used to relieve pain (analgesic) and reduce fever (antipyretic). Suprofen is also a type of ophthalmic anti-inflammatory medicines which may be used to help prevent eye constrict for pupil during surgery. Suprofen can block prostaglandin synthesis by the action of inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 catalyze the arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2, and also catalyze prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2 in the metabolism pathway. Since prostaglandin is the messenger molecules in the process of inflammation; hence, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis can reduce the pain and inflammation (e.g. in the eyes). BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW144973 View Pathway	drug action Suprofen Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:50 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:50
PW126065 View Pathway	drug action Suprofen NSAID Action Pathway Homo sapiens Suprofen is an NSAID used to prevent pupil constriction in ocular surgery Ophthalmic anti-inflammatory medicines are used in the eye to lessen problems that can occur during or after some kinds of eye surgery. Sometimes, the pupil of the eye gets smaller during an operation (pupil constriction), making it more difficult for the surgeon to reach some areas of the eye. Suprofen is used to help prevent this. It targets the prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 (COX-1) and prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (COX-2) in the cyclooxygenase pathway. The cyclooxygenase pathway begins in the cytosol with phospholipids being converted into arachidonic acid by the action of phospholipase A2. The rest of the pathway occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 & 2 converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2. Prostaglandin H2 can either be converted into thromboxane A2 via thromboxane A synthase, prostacyclin/prostaglandin I2 via prostacyclin synthase or prostaglandin E2 via prostaglandin E synthase. COX-2 is an inducible enzyme, and during inflammation, it is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. Suprofen binds to the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes, preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. Prostaglandins act as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. The overall result is a reduction in pain and inflammation in the eyes and the prevention of pupil constriction during surgery. Normally trauma to the anterior segment of the eye (especially the iris) increases endogenous prostaglandin synthesis which leads to constriction of the iris sphincter. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: June 08, 2021 at 00:22 Last Updated: June 08, 2021 at 00:22
PW124099 View Pathway	metabolic Susana Montoya Acinetobacter baumannii BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: August 21, 2020 at 09:19 Last Updated: August 21, 2020 at 09:19