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PW404636

Pw404636 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glucarate and D-Galactarate Degradation

Escherichia coli DH1
Galactarate is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid analog of D-galactose. E. coli can use both diacid sugars galactarate and D-glucarate as the sole source of carbon for growth. The initial step in the degradation of galactarate is its dehydration to 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) by galactarate dehydratase. Glucaric acid can also be dehydrated by a glucarate dehydratase resulting in water and 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--). The 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) is then metabolized by a alpha-dehydro-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase resulting in pyruvic acid and a tartonate semialdehyde. Pyruvic acid interacts with coenzyme A through a NAD driven Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide, an NADH and an acetyl-CoA. The tartronate semialdehyde interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven tartronate semialdehyde reductase resulting in a NADP and a glyceric acid. The glyceric acid is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glycerate kinase 2 resulting in an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a 2-phosphoglyceric acid. The latter compound is dehydrated by an enolase resulting in the release of water and a phosphoenolpyruvic acid. The phosphoenolpyruvic acid interacts with a hydrogen ion through an ADP driven pyruvate kinase resulting in an ATP and a pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid then interacts with water and an ATP through a phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, a phosphate, an AMP and a Phosphoenolpyruvic acid.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 21, 2024 at 02:50

Last Updated: December 21, 2024 at 02:50

PW406694

Pw406694 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glucarate and D-Galactarate Degradation

Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Galactarate is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid analog of D-galactose. E. coli can use both diacid sugars galactarate and D-glucarate as the sole source of carbon for growth. The initial step in the degradation of galactarate is its dehydration to 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) by galactarate dehydratase. Glucaric acid can also be dehydrated by a glucarate dehydratase resulting in water and 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--). The 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate(2--) is then metabolized by a alpha-dehydro-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase resulting in pyruvic acid and a tartonate semialdehyde. Pyruvic acid interacts with coenzyme A through a NAD driven Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide, an NADH and an acetyl-CoA. The tartronate semialdehyde interacts with a hydrogen ion through a NADPH driven tartronate semialdehyde reductase resulting in a NADP and a glyceric acid. The glyceric acid is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glycerate kinase 2 resulting in an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a 2-phosphoglyceric acid. The latter compound is dehydrated by an enolase resulting in the release of water and a phosphoenolpyruvic acid. The phosphoenolpyruvic acid interacts with a hydrogen ion through an ADP driven pyruvate kinase resulting in an ATP and a pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid then interacts with water and an ATP through a phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, a phosphate, an AMP and a Phosphoenolpyruvic acid.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 22, 2024 at 15:18

Last Updated: December 22, 2024 at 15:18

PW145502

Pw145502 View Pathway
drug action

D-glucose Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Ray Kruger

Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:57

Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:57

PW402922

Pw402922 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glucuronate degradation

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
D-Glucuronate degradation is a metabolic pathway in bacteria that allows the utilization of D-glucuronate, a sugar acid commonly found in plant cell walls and in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. D-glucuronate is derived from the breakdown of plant-derived polysaccharides, especially from the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and pectin, or from the degradation of glycosaminoglycans in animal tissues. Once in the environment, D-glucuronate is transported into bacterial cells via specific transport systems, typically a **sodium-coupled symporter** or **ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter**. These transporters actively import D-glucuronate into the cytoplasm, utilizing either a proton gradient or ATP hydrolysis for energy. After entry, D-glucuronate is converted into D-glucuronate-6-phosphate by the enzyme D-glucuronate kinase. It can then be further metabolized via a series of enzymatic steps, eventually entering central metabolic pathways like the pentose phosphate pathway or glycolysis. This pathway is especially important in bacteria that inhabit plant-rich environments, where D-glucuronate serves as a key carbon and energy source, contributing to the degradation of plant materials and the recycling of carbon.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 20, 2024 at 15:29

Last Updated: December 20, 2024 at 15:29

PW391868

Pw391868 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Bacteroides intestinalis
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 13, 2024 at 20:29

Last Updated: December 13, 2024 at 20:29

PW392304

Pw392304 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Escherichia coli S88
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 13, 2024 at 22:43

Last Updated: December 13, 2024 at 22:43

PW387431

Pw387431 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Aeromonas media WS
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 11, 2024 at 13:31

Last Updated: December 11, 2024 at 13:31

PW387481

Pw387481 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Acidaminococcus fermentans DSM 20731
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 11, 2024 at 13:46

Last Updated: December 11, 2024 at 13:46

PW684416

Pw684416 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Parasutterella excrementihominis YIT 11859
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 12, 2024 at 06:49

Last Updated: December 12, 2024 at 06:49

PW684440

Pw684440 View Pathway
metabolic

D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism

Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens YIT 12067
L-Glutamine is transported into the cytoplasm through a glutamine ABC transporter. Once inside, L-glutamine is metabolized with glutaminase to produce an L-glutamic acid. This process can be reversed through a glutamine synthetase resulting in L-glutamine. L-glutamic acid can also be transported into the cytoplasm through various methods: a glutamate/aspartate:H+ symporter GltP, a glutamate:sodium symporter, or a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter. L-Glutamic acid can proceed to L-glutamate metabolism or it can undergo a reversible reaction through a glutamate racemase resulting in D-glutamic acid. This compound can also be obtained from D-glutamine interacting with a glutaminase. D-Glutamic acid reacts with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase resulting in a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate which is then integrated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine comes from the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism product, UDP-N-acetylmuraminate which reacts with L-alanine through an ATP-driven UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase.
BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)

Creator: Julia Wakoli

Created On: December 12, 2024 at 13:31

Last Updated: December 12, 2024 at 13:31