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Pathways

PathWhiz ID Pathway Meta Data

PW176548

Pw176548 View Pathway
metabolic

Mianserin Predicted Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Mianserin are predicted with biotransformer.

PW127636

Pw127636 View Pathway
drug action

Micafungin Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Micafungin, also known as Mycamine, is an echinocandin antifungal agent used for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, and certain other fungal infections..More commonly, Micafungin is used against Aspergillus infections, and only used against some Candida infections. It is also used to treat the prophylaxis of Candida infections during stem cell transplantation. It is a glucan synthesis inhibitor which is essential for cell wall synthesis. Micafungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme present in fungal, but not mammalian cells. This prevents the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, which ultimately leads to osmotic instability and cell death.

PW145229

Pw145229 View Pathway
drug action

Micafungin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW127390

Pw127390 View Pathway
drug action

Miconazole Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Miconazole is an azole antifungal used to treat fungal infections affecting the vagina, mouth and skin, including candidiasis. Miconazole has some activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well. It is known by the brand names Aloe Vesta Antifungal, Baza, Critic-aid Clear, Desenex, Fungoid, Inzo, Lagicam, Lotrimin AF, Micatin, Micro-guard, Monistat, Monistat 1 Day Ovule Combination Pack, Monistat 3 Day Ovule Combination Pack, Monistat 7 Combination Pack, Oravig, Rash Relief Antifungal, Remedy Antifungal, Tetterine, Tineacide Antifungal, Ting, Vagistat, Vagistat 3 Day Combination Pack, Vusion, or Zeasorb. It is widely used to treat mucosal yeast infections, including both oral and vaginal infections; although intravenous miconazole is no longer available, a wide variety of suppositories, creams, gels, and tablet-based products are available. The primary mechanism of action is through inhibition of the CYP450 14α-lanosterol demethylase enzyme.Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of 4,4'-dimethyl cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol from lanosterol. With this enzyme inhibited ergosterol synthesis cannot occur which causes a significant low concentration of ergosterol in the fungal cell. Ergosterol is essential in maintaining membrane integrity in fungi. Without ergosterol, the fungus cell cannot synthesize membranes thereby increasing fluidity and preventing growth of new cells, which in turn leads to cation, phosphate, and low molecular weight protein leakage.. This leads to cell lysis which causes it to collapse and die. Additionally, miconazole inhibits fungal peroxidase and catalase while not affecting NADH oxidase activity, leading to an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which further leads to cell toxicity and death. It also leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased intracellular ROS leads to downstream pleiotropic effects and eventual apoptosis. Lastly, likely as a result of lanosterol demethylation inhibition, miconazole causes a rise in intracellular levels of farnesol. This molecule participates in quorum sensing in Candida, preventing the transition from yeast to mycelial forms and thereby the formation of biofilms, which are more resistant to antibiotics.

PW145199

Pw145199 View Pathway
drug action

Miconazole Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW176457

Pw176457 View Pathway
metabolic

Miconazole Predicted Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Miconazole are predicted with biotransformer.

PW146768

Pw146768 View Pathway
drug action

Microcrystalline cellulose Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW146634

Pw146634 View Pathway
drug action

Micronomicin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW176271

Pw176271 View Pathway
metabolic

Micronomicin Predicted Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Micronomicin are predicted with biotransformer.

PW126588

Pw126588 View Pathway
drug action

Midazolam Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Midazolam is a short-acting injectable benzodiazepine with rapid onset that is commonly used in seizures, anesthesia and anxiety disorders. Midazolam allosterically binds on the benzodiazepine receptors in the post-synaptic GABA-A ligand-gated chloride channel in different sites of the central nervous system (CNS). This binding will result in an increase on the GABA inhibitory effects which is translated as an increase in the flow of chloride ions into the cell causing hyperpolarization and stabilization of the cellular plasma membrane. Benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, this activity consequently facilitates various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action. Midazolam is administered in a variety of ways including intravenous and intramuscular injection and as a buccal solution,