PathWhiz ID | Pathway | Meta Data |
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PW176548View Pathway |
Mianserin Predicted Metabolism PathwayHomo sapiens
Metabolites of Mianserin are predicted with biotransformer.
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Creator: Omolola Created On: December 14, 2023 at 11:42 Last Updated: December 14, 2023 at 11:42 |
PW127636View Pathway |
drug action
Micafungin Action PathwayHomo sapiens
Micafungin, also known as Mycamine, is an echinocandin antifungal agent used for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, and certain other fungal infections..More commonly, Micafungin is used against Aspergillus infections, and only used against some Candida infections. It is also used to treat the prophylaxis of Candida infections during stem cell transplantation. It is a glucan synthesis inhibitor which is essential for cell wall synthesis.
Micafungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme present in fungal, but not mammalian cells. This prevents the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, which ultimately leads to osmotic instability and cell death.
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: May 16, 2023 at 15:14 Last Updated: May 16, 2023 at 15:14 |
PW145229View Pathway |
drug action
Micafungin Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:21 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:21 |
PW127390View Pathway |
drug action
Miconazole Action PathwayHomo sapiens
Miconazole is an azole antifungal used to treat fungal infections affecting the vagina, mouth and skin, including candidiasis. Miconazole has some activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well. It is known by the brand names Aloe Vesta Antifungal, Baza, Critic-aid Clear, Desenex, Fungoid, Inzo, Lagicam, Lotrimin AF, Micatin, Micro-guard, Monistat, Monistat 1 Day Ovule Combination Pack, Monistat 3 Day Ovule Combination Pack, Monistat 7 Combination Pack, Oravig, Rash Relief Antifungal, Remedy Antifungal, Tetterine, Tineacide Antifungal, Ting, Vagistat, Vagistat 3 Day Combination Pack, Vusion, or Zeasorb. It is widely used to treat mucosal yeast infections, including both oral and vaginal infections; although intravenous miconazole is no longer available, a wide variety of suppositories, creams, gels, and tablet-based products are available.
The primary mechanism of action is through inhibition of the CYP450 14α-lanosterol demethylase enzyme.Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of 4,4'-dimethyl cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol from lanosterol. With this enzyme inhibited ergosterol synthesis cannot occur which causes a significant low concentration of ergosterol in the fungal cell. Ergosterol is essential in maintaining membrane integrity in fungi. Without ergosterol, the fungus cell cannot synthesize membranes thereby increasing fluidity and preventing growth of new cells, which in turn leads to cation, phosphate, and low molecular weight protein leakage.. This leads to cell lysis which causes it to collapse and die.
Additionally, miconazole inhibits fungal peroxidase and catalase while not affecting NADH oxidase activity, leading to an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which further leads to cell toxicity and death. It also leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased intracellular ROS leads to downstream pleiotropic effects and eventual apoptosis.
Lastly, likely as a result of lanosterol demethylation inhibition, miconazole causes a rise in intracellular levels of farnesol. This molecule participates in quorum sensing in Candida, preventing the transition from yeast to mycelial forms and thereby the formation of biofilms, which are more resistant to antibiotics.
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: January 03, 2023 at 13:14 Last Updated: January 03, 2023 at 13:14 |
PW145199View Pathway |
drug action
Miconazole Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:17 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:17 |
PW176457View Pathway |
Miconazole Predicted Metabolism PathwayHomo sapiens
Metabolites of Miconazole are predicted with biotransformer.
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Creator: Omolola Created On: December 12, 2023 at 14:44 Last Updated: December 12, 2023 at 14:44 |
PW146768View Pathway |
drug action
Microcrystalline cellulose Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:59 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:59 |
PW146634View Pathway |
drug action
Micronomicin Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:41 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:41 |
PW176271View Pathway |
Micronomicin Predicted Metabolism PathwayHomo sapiens
Metabolites of Micronomicin are predicted with biotransformer.
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Creator: Omolola Created On: December 04, 2023 at 14:26 Last Updated: December 04, 2023 at 14:26 |
PW126588View Pathway |
drug action
Midazolam Action PathwayHomo sapiens
Midazolam is a short-acting injectable benzodiazepine with rapid onset that is commonly used in seizures, anesthesia and anxiety disorders.
Midazolam allosterically binds on the benzodiazepine receptors in the post-synaptic GABA-A ligand-gated chloride channel in different sites of the central nervous system (CNS). This binding will result in an increase on the GABA inhibitory effects which is translated as an increase in the flow of chloride ions into the cell causing hyperpolarization and stabilization of the cellular plasma membrane.
Benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, this activity consequently facilitates various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.
Midazolam is administered in a variety of ways including intravenous and intramuscular injection and as a buccal solution,
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Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: January 18, 2022 at 23:18 Last Updated: January 18, 2022 at 23:18 |