PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW124277 View Pathway	drug action Clarithromycin Anti-bacterial Action Pathway Homo sapiens Clarithromycin is an oral antibiotic drug used for the treatment of bacterial infections including acute otitis media caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae in patients with a history of type I penicillin hypersensitivity, pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes, respiratory tract infections including acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mild to moderate community-acquired pneuomia, Legionnaires' disease, and pertussis, skin or skin structure infections, helicobacter pylori infection, duodenal ulcer disease, bartonella infections, early Lyme disease, and encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (in HIV infected patients in conjunction with pyrimethamine). Clarithromycin is metabolized in the liver to 14-OH clarithromycin by cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes. Clarithromycin and 14-OH clarithromycin then penetrate the bacterial cell wall and act synergistically to inhibit protein synthesis. These compounds act by binding to domain V of the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This inhibits translocation of the aminoacyl transfer-RNA, preventing the addition of the next amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. As a result, protein synthesis is inhibited, preventing bacterial growth and this may even kill the bacteria. Whether clarithromycin is bacteriostatic or bactericidal depends on the organism and the concentration used. Common side effects from taking clarithromycin include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headache, dizziness, angioedema and rash. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: October 25, 2020 at 01:19 Last Updated: October 25, 2020 at 01:19
PW145297 View Pathway	drug action Clarithromycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:29 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:29
PW146536 View Pathway	drug action Clascoterone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:26 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:26
PW176377 View Pathway	metabolic Clascoterone Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Clascoterone are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 07, 2023 at 16:29 Last Updated: December 07, 2023 at 16:29
PW065057 View Pathway	protein Classical Complement Pathway Homo sapiens The classical complement pathway is a pathway that is responsible for activating the complement system within the immune system. This pathway begins with the activation of antibodies IgM and IgG. Protein C3 is created, and after a series of reactions, cleaves the C5 protein. This brings phagocytes to the infected area and sets the stage for the coming together of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex targets the cell and creates an opening in the membrane, which leads to cell lysis and death. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: xuan cao Created On: July 30, 2018 at 11:04 Last Updated: July 30, 2018 at 11:04
PW122219 View Pathway	protein Classical Complement Pathway Rattus norvegicus The classical complement pathway is a pathway that is responsible for activating the complement system within the immune system. This pathway begins with the activation of antibodies IgM and IgG. Protein C3 is created, and after a series of reactions, cleaves the C5 protein. This brings phagocytes to the infected area and sets the stage for the coming together of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex targets the cell and creates an opening in the membrane, which leads to cell lysis and death. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 15:05 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 15:05
PW122171 View Pathway	protein Classical Complement Pathway Mus musculus The classical complement pathway is a pathway that is responsible for activating the complement system within the immune system. This pathway begins with the activation of antibodies IgM and IgG. Protein C3 is created, and after a series of reactions, cleaves the C5 protein. This brings phagocytes to the infected area and sets the stage for the coming together of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex targets the cell and creates an opening in the membrane, which leads to cell lysis and death. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 14:48 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 14:48
PW122195 View Pathway	protein Classical Complement Pathway Bos taurus The classical complement pathway is a pathway that is responsible for activating the complement system within the immune system. This pathway begins with the activation of antibodies IgM and IgG. Protein C3 is created, and after a series of reactions, cleaves the C5 protein. This brings phagocytes to the infected area and sets the stage for the coming together of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex targets the cell and creates an opening in the membrane, which leads to cell lysis and death. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 20, 2018 at 14:56 Last Updated: September 20, 2018 at 14:56
PW126784 View Pathway	drug action Clavulanic acid Action Pathway Helicobacter pylori Clavulanic acid is a beta lactamase inhibitor used to enhance the effectiveness of beta lactam antibiotics. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that is frequently combined with Amoxicillin or Ticarcillin to fight antibiotic resistance by preventing their degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes, broadening their spectrum of susceptible bacterial infections. Clavulanic acid contains a beta-lactam ring in its structure that binds in an irreversible fashion to beta-lactamases, preventing them from inactivating certain beta-lactam antibiotics, with efficacy in treating susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative infections. Clavulanic acid, when administered with amoxicillin, can cause some mild gastrointestinal adverse effects. These include vomiting, nausea, loose stools, and discomfort. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment is the most common adverse effect. There is a higher incidence of diarrhea when clavulanic acid is added to amoxicillin compared to amoxicillin alone. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 28, 2022 at 04:07 Last Updated: March 28, 2022 at 04:07
PW123893 View Pathway	metabolic Clavulanic Acid Biosynthesis Streptomyces clavuligerus Clavulanic acid is a drug belonging to the class β-lactam antibiotics containing a beta-lactam ring in its molecular structure. It is biosynthesized as a secondary metabolite and isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It functions as a beta-lactamase inhibitor and when combined with penicillin, it can overcome resistance to antibiotics in bacterial pathogens that inhibit other penicillin activity by beta-lactamase secretions. This pathway illustrates the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid by the condensation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine to first form the intermediate amino acid L-N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine; the protein for this reaction is uncharacterized and hence only a prediction. The next reaction from L-N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine to deoxyguanidinoproclavaminic acid via the enzyme carboxyethyl-arginine beta-lactam-synthase is the step where the beta-lactam ring is formed. Following this, in a series of reactions catalyzed by the enzyme clavaminate synthase 1, guanidinoproclavaminic acid, proclavaminic acid, dihydroclavaminic acid are synthesized leading to the intermediate clavaminic acid. Clavaminic acid is then reduced for the complete biosynthesis of clavulanic acid via clavaldehyde dehydrogenase. Note: uncharacterized proteins are coloured orange in the pathway. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Aadhavya Sivakumaran Created On: May 22, 2020 at 14:51 Last Updated: May 22, 2020 at 14:51