PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW129300 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PE(TXB2/22:0) Homo sapiens Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate a phosphoric acid headgroup into a diacylglycerol backbone. They are the second most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes, and contrary to phosphatidylcholine, it is concentrated with phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane's inner leaflet. In Homo sapiens, there exist two phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pathways. In the visualization, all enzymes that are dark green in colour are membrane-localized. The first pathway synthesizes phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine via the Kennedy pathway. First, the cytosol-localized enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase catalyzes the conversion of choline into phosphocholine. Second, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the conversion of phosphocholine to CDP-choline. Last, choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase catalyzes phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from CDP-choline. It requires either magnesium or manganese ions as cofactors. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also synthesized from phosphatidylserine at the mitochondrial inner membrane by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. Phosphatidylserine, itself, is synthesized using a base-exchange reaction with phosphatidylcholine. This reaction is catalyzed by phosphatidylserine synthase which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: September 13, 2023 at 23:53 Last Updated: September 13, 2023 at 23:53
PW064631 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Mus musculus Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: January 21, 2018 at 22:32 Last Updated: January 21, 2018 at 22:32
PW000168 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Homo sapiens Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 19, 2013 at 12:04 Last Updated: August 19, 2013 at 12:04
PW088277 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Bos taurus Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 12:58 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 12:58
PW088429 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Drosophila melanogaster Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 16:29 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 16:29
PW088370 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Rattus norvegicus Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 15:10 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 15:10
PW088522 View Pathway	metabolic Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Metabolism Caenorhabditis elegans Phosphatidylinositol phosphates, or phosphoinositides, are intracellular signaling lipids. Seven different phosphoinositides have been identified in mammals, each distinguished by the number and/or position of the phosphate groups on the inositol ring. The inositol can be mono-, di-, or triphosphorylated, with the remaining phosphoinositides being isomers of these three forms. Phosphoinositides regulate a variety of signal transduction processes, thus playing a number of important roles in the cell, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. They may also affect protein localization, aggregation, and activity by acting as secondary messengers. The ability of the cell to recognize the different types of phosphoinositides as different cellular signals means that their synthesis and metabolism must be tightly regulated. Synthesis begins with the attachment of an inositol phosphate head group to diacylglycerol via a phospholipase C enzyme, creating a phosphoinositide. Conversion between the different types of phosphoinositides is then done by a number of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which add (kinase) and remove (phosphatase) phosphates from the inositol ring. The specific localization and regulation of the phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases thus controls the activity of the phosphoinositides. While the phosphoinositides are always located in the membrane, their particular kinases and phosphatases may be found in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of the cell or cell organelles. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 18:10 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 18:10
PW122104 View Pathway	disease Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1) Rattus norvegicus Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), also called Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) deficiency, Phosphopyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, or PEP carboxykinase deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and an autosomal recessive disorder of gluconeogenesis caused by a deficient PEPCK1 enzyme. PEPCK1 catalyzes the conversion of amino acids into sugars, mainly glucose, which is important in preventing hypoglycemia. This disorder is characterized by a large accumulation of lactic acid in the blood. Symptoms of the disorder include hepatomegaly, failure to thrive and liver failure, depending on the severity of the case. Treatment including heavy carbohydrates and fasting is very effective. It is estimated that Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 has only affected 10 individuals around the world according to medical literature. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:52 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:52
PW000536 View Pathway	disease Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1) Homo sapiens Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), also called Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) deficiency, Phosphopyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, or PEP carboxykinase deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and an autosomal recessive disorder of gluconeogenesis caused by a deficient PEPCK1 enzyme. PEPCK1 catalyzes the conversion of amino acids into sugars, mainly glucose, which is important in preventing hypoglycemia. This disorder is characterized by a large accumulation of lactic acid in the blood. Symptoms of the disorder include hepatomegaly, failure to thrive and liver failure, depending on the severity of the case. Treatment including heavy carbohydrates and fasting is very effective. It is estimated that Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 has only affected 10 individuals around the world according to medical literature. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 29, 2013 at 10:39 Last Updated: August 29, 2013 at 10:39
PW121880 View Pathway	disease Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1) Mus musculus Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1), also called Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) deficiency, Phosphopyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, or PEP carboxykinase deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM) and an autosomal recessive disorder of gluconeogenesis caused by a deficient PEPCK1 enzyme. PEPCK1 catalyzes the conversion of amino acids into sugars, mainly glucose, which is important in preventing hypoglycemia. This disorder is characterized by a large accumulation of lactic acid in the blood. Symptoms of the disorder include hepatomegaly, failure to thrive and liver failure, depending on the severity of the case. Treatment including heavy carbohydrates and fasting is very effective. It is estimated that Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 has only affected 10 individuals around the world according to medical literature. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:50 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:50