PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW176806 View Pathway	drug action Propiomazine H1-Antihistamine Immune Response Action Pathway Homo sapiens Propiomazine is an H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors. Furthermore, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g. nervousness and insomnia). Second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1-receptors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, these newer drugs elicit fewer adverse drug reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: December 19, 2023 at 15:10 Last Updated: December 19, 2023 at 15:10
PW122514 View Pathway	metabolic Propionate Bacteroides vulgatus BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: May 23, 2019 at 18:53 Last Updated: May 23, 2019 at 18:53
PW123582 View Pathway	metabolic Propionate anaplerosis Rattus norvegicus BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: August 28, 2019 at 09:14 Last Updated: August 28, 2019 at 09:14
PW147033 View Pathway	metabolic Propionic acid Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 13:41 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 13:41
PW127224 View Pathway	disease Propionic Acidemia Homo sapiens Propionic acidemia (Ketotic hyperglycinemia) is caused by mutation in the genes encoding propionyl-CoA carboxylase, PCCA or PCCB. The break down of Propionyl-CoA is catalyzed by Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). Propionyl-CoA plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. A mutation in this enzyme causes accumulation of ammonia and propionylcarnitine (C3) in the blood; carnitine , glutamine, glycine, and propionic acid in the plasma; 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-oxoproline, acylcarnitin, glycine, methylcitric acid, propionylglycine and tiglylcine in the urine. Symptoms include cardio myopathy, growth retardation, hypothermia, ketosis, neutropenia, strokelike episodes, pyloric stenosis and spastic diplegia/quadriplegia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: November 15, 2022 at 11:41 Last Updated: November 15, 2022 at 11:41
PW000062 View Pathway	disease Propionic Acidemia Homo sapiens Propionic acidemia (Ketotic hyperglycinemia) is caused by mutation in the genes encoding propionyl-CoA carboxylase, PCCA or PCCB. The break down of Propionyl-CoA is catalyzed by Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). Propionyl-CoA plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. A mutation in this enzyme causes accumulation of ammonia and propionylcarnitine (C3) in the blood; carnitine , glutamine, glycine, and propionic acid in the plasma; 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-oxoproline, acylcarnitin, glycine, methylcitric acid, propionylglycine and tiglylcine in the urine. Symptoms include cardio myopathy, growth retardation, hypothermia, ketosis, neutropenia, strokelike episodes, pyloric stenosis and spastic diplegia/quadriplegia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 01, 2013 at 15:52 Last Updated: August 01, 2013 at 15:52
PW121793 View Pathway	disease Propionic Acidemia Mus musculus Propionic acidemia (Ketotic hyperglycinemia) is caused by mutation in the genes encoding propionyl-CoA carboxylase, PCCA or PCCB. The break down of Propionyl-CoA is catalyzed by Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). Propionyl-CoA plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. A mutation in this enzyme causes accumulation of ammonia and propionylcarnitine (C3) in the blood; carnitine , glutamine, glycine, and propionic acid in the plasma; 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-oxoproline, acylcarnitin, glycine, methylcitric acid, propionylglycine and tiglylcine in the urine. Symptoms include cardio myopathy, growth retardation, hypothermia, ketosis, neutropenia, strokelike episodes, pyloric stenosis and spastic diplegia/quadriplegia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:49 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:49
PW122018 View Pathway	disease Propionic Acidemia Rattus norvegicus Propionic acidemia (Ketotic hyperglycinemia) is caused by mutation in the genes encoding propionyl-CoA carboxylase, PCCA or PCCB. The break down of Propionyl-CoA is catalyzed by Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). Propionyl-CoA plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. A mutation in this enzyme causes accumulation of ammonia and propionylcarnitine (C3) in the blood; carnitine , glutamine, glycine, and propionic acid in the plasma; 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-oxoproline, acylcarnitin, glycine, methylcitric acid, propionylglycine and tiglylcine in the urine. Symptoms include cardio myopathy, growth retardation, hypothermia, ketosis, neutropenia, strokelike episodes, pyloric stenosis and spastic diplegia/quadriplegia. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: September 10, 2018 at 15:51 Last Updated: September 10, 2018 at 15:51
PW127983 View Pathway	drug action Propiverine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Propiverine is an antimuscarinic agent used to treat urinary incontinence or increased urinary frequency or urgency. It can be found under the brand name Mictoryl. Propiverine demonstrates both anticholinergic and calcium-modulating properties. The efferent connection of the pelvic nerve is inhibited due to the anticholinergic action exerted by this drug, leading to relaxation of bladder smooth muscle. Propiverine blocks calcium ion influx and modulates the intracellular calcium in urinary bladder smooth muscle cells, resulting in the inhibition of muscle spasm. The bladder contains several muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the main contractile neurotransmitter in the human bladder detrusor muscle, and antimuscarinics such as propiverine exert their effects by competitively inhibiting the binding of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors on detrusor smooth muscle cells and other structures within the bladder wall. In one study, After oral treatment with propiverine, the bladder showed the highest concentration of M-2, indicating a targeted distribution of this metabolite into the bladder. Therefore, muscarinic receptor-2 may highly contribute to the relatively selective and long-lasting occupation of bladder muscarinic receptors after oral ingestion of propiverine. Possible side effects of using propiverine may include dry mouth, headache, constipation, dizziness. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: June 26, 2023 at 15:08 Last Updated: June 26, 2023 at 15:08
PW146510 View Pathway	drug action Propiverine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:23 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:23