PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW144622 View Pathway	drug action Tolmetin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:03 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:03
PW176150 View Pathway	metabolic Tolmetin Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Tolmetin are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 29, 2023 at 14:20 Last Updated: November 29, 2023 at 14:20
PW126907 View Pathway	drug action Tolnaftate Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tolnaftate is an over-the-counter anti-fungal agent mainly used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm. It can come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol. Tolnaftate is diffuses into the fungal cell. The exact mechanism of action for tolnaftate is unknown, however, it is believed to prevent the synthesis of ergosterol through inhibition of squalene epoxidase. Squalene monooxygenase catalyzes the synthesis of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene from squalene. Since it is inhibited, it cannot continue on to synthesize lanosterol which is essential in the synthesis of ergosterol. Without ergosterol in the cell membrane, the cell membrane sees increased permeability which allows intracellular components to leak out of the cell. Ergosterol is also essential in cell membrane integrity so without that, eventually the cell collapses and dies.. The fungal cell also cannot synthesize new cell membranes for new fungus cells if there is no ergosterol. The inhibition of squalene monooxygenase also causes a buildup of squalene which is toxic to the fungal cell. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: May 09, 2022 at 15:24 Last Updated: May 09, 2022 at 15:24
PW144643 View Pathway	drug action Tolnaftate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:06 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:06
PW176411 View Pathway	metabolic Tolnaftate Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Tolnaftate are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 07, 2023 at 16:59 Last Updated: December 07, 2023 at 16:59
PW063576 View Pathway	drug action Tolpropamine H1-Antihistamine Action Homo sapiens Tolpropamine is an alkylamine H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors. Furthermore, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g. nervousness and insomnia). Second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1-receptors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, these newer drugs elicit fewer adverse drug reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: September 24, 2017 at 12:30 Last Updated: September 24, 2017 at 12:30
PW127976 View Pathway	drug action Tolterodine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist used to treat overactive bladder with urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. It can be found under the brand names Detrol and Detrusitol. Tolterodine is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. Both urinary bladder contraction and salivation are mediated via cholinergic muscarinic receptors. After oral administration, tolterodine is metabolized in the liver, resulting in the formation of the 5-hydroxymethyl derivative, a major pharmacologically active metabolite. The 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite, which exhibits an antimuscarinic activity similar to that of tolterodine, contributes significantly to the therapeutic effect. Both tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite exhibit a high specificity for muscarinic receptors, since both show negligible activity or affinity for other neurotransmitter receptors and other potential cellular targets, such as calcium channels. Tolterodine has a pronounced effect on bladder function. The main effects of tolterodine are an increase in residual urine, reflecting an incomplete emptying of the bladder, and a decrease in detrusor pressure, consistent with an antimuscarinic action on the lower urinary tract. Tolterodine is an antimuscarinic medication that selectively and competitively binds to muscarinic M3 receptors in the bladder, thereby decreasing bladder contraction by decreasing detrusor muscle tone and increasing internal urethral sphincter tone. Possible side effects of using tolterodine may include dry mouth, headache, vertigo, and vomiting. Tolterodine can be administered as an oral capsule or tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: June 26, 2023 at 11:48 Last Updated: June 26, 2023 at 11:48
PW145132 View Pathway	drug action Tolterodine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:08 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:08
PW248038 View Pathway	metabolic Toluene degradation Aromatoleum aromaticum Toluene degradation allows bacteria to use toluene, a common environmental pollutant, as both a carbon and energy source. Toluene enters the bacterial cell by passive diffusion due to its hydrophobic nature. Once within the cell, toluene undergoes a variety of enzymatic reactions. The first step is for the Gamma-Subunit of benzylsuccinate synthase to convert it into benzylsuccinate. This intermediate is then converted to Benzylsuccinyl-CoA by subunit of Benzylsuccinate CoA-transferases. Subsequently, Benzylsuccinyl-CoA undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions to form Benzoylsuccinyl-CoA, and finally benzoyl-CoA, which enters the benzoate degradation pathway, providing the bacteria with energy and carbon for growth and survival. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: May 16, 2024 at 13:13 Last Updated: May 16, 2024 at 13:13
PW145681 View Pathway	drug action Tolvaptan Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:22 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:22