PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW127854 View Pathway	drug action Procainamide Action Pathway (New) Homo sapiens Procainamide is a class 1A antidysrythmIc as well as an anesthetic that is used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias, tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. Procainamide mainly inhibits sodium channels protein type 5 subunit alpha but also inhibits the potassium voltage gated channel subfamily H member 2. The main antidysrythmIc effect is mediated through the sodium channel blockage though. Phenytoin slows the rate of rise in the pacemaker potential and shortens the plateau phase of atrial and ventricular myocytes as well as purkinje fibre cells as they have 'fast' action potential. This converts a one way block into a two block effectively stopping the circus rhythm irregularity. Procainamide works through use-dependent blockage meaning that it preferentially binds to the inactivate state of the sodium channel. The more active the channel the more chances procainamide can bind to the channel and block it. Procainamide can be administered through either oral or intravenous routes with both having a relatively short half-life of 2.5 to 4.5 hours. Some side effects of using procainamide may include cardiac toxicity, bradycardia, hypotension, drug-induced lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, and blood dyscrasias. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: June 09, 2023 at 13:36 Last Updated: June 09, 2023 at 13:36
PW145131 View Pathway	drug action Procainamide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:08 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:08
PW126022 View Pathway	drug action Procainamide Mechanism of Action Homo sapiens Procainamide is a class 1A antidysrythmIc as well as an anesthetic that is used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias, tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. Procainamide mainly inhibits sodium channels protein type 5 subunit alpha but also inhibits the potassium voltage gated channel subfamily H member 2. The main antidysrythmIc effect is mediated through the sodium channel blockage though. Phenytoin slows the rate of rise in the pacemaker potential and shortens the plateau phase of atrial and ventricular myocytes as well as purkinje fibre cells as they have 'fast' action potential. This converts a one way block into a two block effectively stopping the circus rhythm irregularity. Procainamide works through use-dependent blockage meaning that it preferentially binds to the inactivate state of the sodium channel. The more active the channel the more chances procainamide can bind to the channel and block it. Procainamide can be administered through either oral or intravenous routes with both having a relatively short half-life of 2.5 to 4.5 hours BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Kristen Yee Created On: May 23, 2021 at 12:43 Last Updated: May 23, 2021 at 12:43
PW124505 View Pathway	metabolic Procainamide metabolic pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: February 03, 2021 at 12:50 Last Updated: February 03, 2021 at 12:50
PW126561 View Pathway	drug action Procaine Homo sapiens Procaine is an anesthetic used mainly for peripheral and spinal nerve block, it is an ester with slow onset and short duration of action, used mainly for oral surgery. Procaine has the additional effect of constricting blood vessels to reduce bleeding. It is metabolized in the plasma by pseudocholinesterase by the process of hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) when is excreted through the process of diuresis. It's mechanism of action in mainly by inhibiting sodium flux through voltage gated sodium channels, due to this an action potential cannot be conducted. It binds to the receptor site in the cytoplasmic portion of the sodium channel, it also antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin receptors. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: January 10, 2022 at 19:00 Last Updated: January 10, 2022 at 19:00
PW000408 View Pathway	drug action Procaine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Procaine exerts its local anaesthetic effect by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons. Procaine diffuses across the neuronal plasma membrane in its uncharged base form. Once inside the cytoplasm, it is protonated and this protonated form enters and blocks the pore of the voltage-gated sodium channel from the cytoplasmic side. For this to happen, the sodium channel must first become active so that so that gating mechanism is in the open state. Therefore procaine preferentially inhibits neurons that are actively firing. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW132329 View Pathway	metabolic Procaine benzylpenicillin Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Procaine benzylpenicillin is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Procaine benzylpenicillin passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 20:55 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 20:55
PW144833 View Pathway	drug action Procaine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:31 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:31
PW132257 View Pathway	metabolic Procaine merethoxylline Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Procaine merethoxylline is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Procaine merethoxylline passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 20:25 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 20:25
PW146113 View Pathway	drug action Procaine merethoxylline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:26 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:26