PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW002082 View Pathway	metabolic Thioredoxin Pathway Escherichia coli Thioredoxins are a class of proteins that are used in redox reactions, and are found in all living organisms. In humans, they respond to reactive oxygen species, while in plants they are important for growth, photosynthesis, flowering and seed formation. In E. coli, thioredoxins catalyze a number of redox reactions, and are important in stress response, as well as other functions. In this pathway, oxidized thioredoxin is reduced by thioredoxin reductase, in order to form reduced thioredoxin. This reaction also uses NADPH as a cofactor. Reduced thioredoxin then, as part of a redox reaction, acts as the oxidizing agent and converts an oxidized electron acceptor into a reduced electron acceptor. This then produces oxidized thioredoxin, which can be further reduced and reused in other redox reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: October 13, 2015 at 13:23 Last Updated: October 13, 2015 at 13:23
PW128159 View Pathway	drug action Thioridazine Dopamine Antagonist Action Pathway Homo sapiens Thioridazine is a trifluoro-methyl phenothiazine derivative. Thioridazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; blocks alpha-adrenergic effect, depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis. Similar to other first-generation or typical antipsychotics, thioridazine is a medication used to treat schizophrenia. Other indications for use include other psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, pediatric behavioral disorders, and geriatric psychoneurotic manifestations. Positive symptoms are believed to manifest as a result of increased levels of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway. More specifically, thioridazine blocks DA-2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, diminishing positive symptoms. Thioridazine is classified as a low potency first-generation antipsychotic, and as such, is relatively sedating. Thioridazine is a substrate of the hepatic enzyme CYP450 2D6 and is also an inhibitor of the same enzyme. The drug also exhibits activity at muscarinic receptors (most notably the M1 receptor), which is most likely the source of its anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, etc.), the alpha 1A adrenergic receptor (which may explain its association with orthostatic hypotension), the H1 histamine receptor (probably accounting for much of its sedating effect), and the hERG gene, which is likely responsible for its cardiotoxicity BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: July 26, 2023 at 12:36 Last Updated: July 26, 2023 at 12:36
PW144791 View Pathway	drug action Thioridazine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:26 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:26
PW128160 View Pathway	drug action Thioridazine Serotonin Antagonist Action Pathway Homo sapiens Thioridazine is a trifluoro-methyl phenothiazine derivative. Thioridazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; blocks alpha-adrenergic effect, depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis. Similar to other first-generation or typical antipsychotics, thioridazine is a medication used to treat schizophrenia. Other indications for use include other psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, pediatric behavioral disorders, and geriatric psychoneurotic manifestations. Positive symptoms are believed to manifest as a result of increased levels of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway. More specifically, thioridazine blocks DA-2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, diminishing positive symptoms. Thioridazine is classified as a low potency first-generation antipsychotic, and as such, is relatively sedating. Thioridazine is a substrate of the hepatic enzyme CYP450 2D6 and is also an inhibitor of the same enzyme. The drug also exhibits activity at muscarinic receptors (most notably the M1 receptor), which is most likely the source of its anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, etc.), the alpha 1A adrenergic receptor (which may explain its association with orthostatic hypotension), the H1 histamine receptor (probably accounting for much of its sedating effect), and the hERG gene, which is likely responsible for its cardiotoxicity BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: July 26, 2023 at 14:19 Last Updated: July 26, 2023 at 14:19
PW500755 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Neisseria cinerea ATCC 14685 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 05, 2025 at 07:00 Last Updated: February 05, 2025 at 07:00
PW495728 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Escherichia coli (strain B / REL606) Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 03, 2025 at 14:06 Last Updated: February 03, 2025 at 14:06
PW499509 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 04, 2025 at 20:11 Last Updated: February 04, 2025 at 20:11
PW500654 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Oxalobacter formigenes OXCC13 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 05, 2025 at 05:48 Last Updated: February 05, 2025 at 05:48
PW686118 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Bacteroides sp. 1_1_30 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 04, 2025 at 17:58 Last Updated: February 04, 2025 at 17:58
PW500806 View Pathway	metabolic Thiosulfate Disproportionation III Neisseria macacae ATCC 33926 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (also known as rhodanese) can facilitate the transfer of a sulfur atom from sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, and it has been found in many major phyla (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The role of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase might be the detoxification of cyanide in both bacteria and mammals, or it might also involve in formation of prosthetic groups in iron-sulfur proteins. In this pathway, thiosulfate and hydrogen cyanide have been catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase to form thiocyanate and sulfite. Sulfite is used in later sulfur metabolism. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Julia Wakoli Created On: February 05, 2025 at 07:32 Last Updated: February 05, 2025 at 07:32