12728
Pathway
Gibberellin Biosynthesis III (Non C-3, Non C-13 Hydroxylation)
Gibberellins (GAs) are a large class of tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes, such as seed germination, organ elongation, and flowering induction. All known gibberellins share an ent-gibberellane skeleton and follow the same synthesis pathway. Biosynthesis begins in the plasmids via the terpenoid pathway and finishes in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol where they undergo modification until a biologically-active form is reached (GA1, GA3, GA4, or GA7). Gibberellins are named in the order that they are discovered (GA1 through GAn). Gibberellin biosynthesis via non C-3, non C-13 hydroxylation occurs in the cytosol and converts the inactive GA12 to the active GA4, and inactive GA36 and GA13. The first two reactions are catalyzed by gibberellin 20-oxidase, requiring Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors. It first converts gibberellin A12 into gibberellin A15 and then into gibberellin A24. Gibberellin A24 has three different fates. The first route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A9 by gibberellin 20-oxidase and then the subsequent conversion of gibberellin A9 into the active gibberellin A4 by gibberellin 3-oxidase. It requires Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors. The second route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A36 by gibberellin 3-oxidase. The third route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A25 by gibberellin 20-oxidase and then the subsequent conversion of gibberellin A25 into gibberellin A13 by a not yet elucidated gibberellin oxidase (coloured orange in the image).
Metabolic
PW012933
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext13218
2192
3048
#000099
PathwayVisualization12689
12728
Gibberellin Biosynthesis III (Non C-3, Non C-13 Hydroxylation)
Gibberellins (GAs) are a large class of tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes, such as seed germination, organ elongation, and flowering induction. All known gibberellins share an ent-gibberellane skeleton and follow the same synthesis pathway. Biosynthesis begins in the plasmids via the terpenoid pathway and finishes in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol where they undergo modification until a biologically-active form is reached (GA1, GA3, GA4, or GA7). Gibberellins are named in the order that they are discovered (GA1 through GAn). Gibberellin biosynthesis via non C-3, non C-13 hydroxylation occurs in the cytosol and converts the inactive GA12 to the active GA4, and inactive GA36 and GA13. The first two reactions are catalyzed by gibberellin 20-oxidase, requiring Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors. It first converts gibberellin A12 into gibberellin A15 and then into gibberellin A24. Gibberellin A24 has three different fates. The first route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A9 by gibberellin 20-oxidase and then the subsequent conversion of gibberellin A9 into the active gibberellin A4 by gibberellin 3-oxidase. It requires Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors. The second route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A36 by gibberellin 3-oxidase. The third route involves the conversion of gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A25 by gibberellin 20-oxidase and then the subsequent conversion of gibberellin A25 into gibberellin A13 by a not yet elucidated gibberellin oxidase (coloured orange in the image).
Metabolic
4
4493
12725
SubPathway
3732
57937
Compound
151
5738
18173378
Yamaguchi S: Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:225-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092804.
12728
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
6
Myocyte
CL:0000187
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
24
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
GO:0005758
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
6
Lysosome
GO:0005764
16
Lysosomal Lumen
GO:0043202
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
18
Melanosome Membrane
GO:0033162
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
36
Membrane
GO:0016020
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
25
Golgi apparatus
GO:0005794
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
20
Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen
GO:0005788
21
Synapse
GO:0045202
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Body
GO:0010168
34
Plant-Type Vacuole
GO:0000325
40
Periplasm
GO:0042597
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
9
Muscle
BTO:0000887
141
18
24
Brain
BTO:0000142
89
16
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
4
Adrenal Medulla
BTO:0000049
71
8
28
Stomach
BTO:0001307
155
26
3
Sympathetic Nervous System
BTO:0001832
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
11
Heart
BTO:0000562
73
10
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
42
24
1
1
PW_BS000042
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
50
9
5
1
6
PW_BS000050
26
1
1
1
5
PW_BS000026
54
1
3
1
5
PW_BS000054
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
157
2
24
1
PW_BS000157
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
85
24
10
1
1
PW_BS000085
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
224
2
4
1
PW_BS000024
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
220
1
4
PW_BS000024
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
289
2
49
1
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
345
24
12
1
PW_BS000028
346
9
5
12
6
PW_BS000028
327
1
1
12
5
PW_BS000028
347
1
3
12
5
PW_BS000028
334
4
12
1
PW_BS000028
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
94
3
PW_BS000094
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
414
1
5
5
1
PW_BS000115
418
24
5
1
PW_BS000115
408
4
5
1
PW_BS000115
423
9
5
5
6
PW_BS000115
424
1
1
5
5
PW_BS000115
425
1
3
5
5
PW_BS000115
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
450
1
5
17
1
PW_BS000115
454
24
17
1
PW_BS000115
374
4
17
1
PW_BS000053
458
9
5
17
6
PW_BS000115
459
1
1
17
5
PW_BS000115
460
1
3
17
5
PW_BS000115
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
489
24
10
1
PW_BS000115
482
4
10
1
PW_BS000115
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
506
24
6
1
PW_BS000115
502
4
6
1
PW_BS000115
249
13
4
1
PW_BS000024
9
6
1
1
PW_BS000009
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
14
10
1
PW_BS000014
28
1
16
1
1
PW_BS000028
10
1
7
1
1
PW_BS000010
20
4
1
1
1
PW_BS000020
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
33
18
1
1
PW_BS000033
49
7
1
1
PW_BS000049
24
4
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
13
1
2
1
PW_BS000013
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
126
6
5
1
PW_BS000126
127
1
16
5
1
PW_BS000127
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
159
24
PW_BS000159
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
212
1
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
216
4
18
1
PW_BS000024
215
6
18
1
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
164
4
PW_BS000164
286
36
4
1
PW_BS000024
226
4
4
1
PW_BS000024
291
6
49
1
PW_BS000024
292
4
49
1
PW_BS000024
298
1
7
10
1
PW_BS000024
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
301
6
10
1
PW_BS000024
302
1
16
10
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
17
12
1
1
PW_BS000017
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
293
4
1
PW_BS000024
294
11
4
1
PW_BS000024
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
113
6
12
1
PW_BS000113
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
337
1
16
12
1
PW_BS000028
341
4
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
114
11
12
PW_BS000114
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
343
18
12
1
PW_BS000028
360
4
10
12
1
PW_BS000028
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
409
11
5
PW_BS000115
415
18
5
1
PW_BS000115
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
434
4
10
5
1
PW_BS000115
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
384
12
5
1
PW_BS000100
443
6
17
1
PW_BS000115
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
448
1
16
17
1
PW_BS000115
137
11
17
PW_BS000137
451
18
17
1
PW_BS000115
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
469
4
10
17
1
PW_BS000115
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
121
12
17
1
PW_BS000121
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
483
11
10
PW_BS000115
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
480
12
10
1
PW_BS000115
207
6
6
1
PW_BS000024
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
208
11
6
PW_BS000024
504
18
6
1
PW_BS000115
515
4
10
6
1
PW_BS000115
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
391
12
6
1
PW_BS000112
1
1
PW_BS000001
43
25
1
1
PW_BS000043
70
28
5
1
1
PW_BS000070
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
277
1
2
18
PW_BS000024
170
18
PW_BS000170
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
333
1
2
12
PW_BS000028
356
25
12
1
PW_BS000028
412
1
2
5
PW_BS000115
419
25
5
1
PW_BS000115
446
1
2
17
PW_BS000115
455
25
17
1
PW_BS000115
490
25
10
1
PW_BS000115
507
25
6
1
PW_BS000115
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
219
31
4
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
19
3
5
1
3
PW_BS000019
60
25
1
PW_BS000060
46
1
1
4
PW_BS000046
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
36
1
20
1
1
PW_BS000036
37
7
21
1
3
PW_BS000037
93
25
20
1
1
PW_BS000093
27
15
1
PW_BS000027
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
105
11
3
PW_BS000105
110
2
3
1
PW_BS000110
6
1
3
1
PW_BS000006
140
10
3
PW_BS000140
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
95
1
7
2
1
PW_BS000095
180
2
21
1
PW_BS000180
152
8
4
PW_BS000152
214
25
18
1
PW_BS000024
162
12
18
1
PW_BS000162
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
287
53
4
1
PW_BS000024
227
34
4
1
PW_BS000024
65
11
1
PW_BS000065
352
25
12
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
370
2
60
1
PW_BS000028
228
36
1
PW_BS000024
232
40
3
PW_BS000024
436
25
5
PW_BS000115
471
25
17
PW_BS000115
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
487
18
10
1
PW_BS000115
513
1
7
6
1
PW_BS000115
187
31
18
PW_BS000024
195
13
18
PW_BS000024
312
5
23
1
PW_BS000024
320
11
23
PW_BS000024
310
31
2
PW_BS000024
304
1
2
PW_BS000024
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
134
Oxoglutaric acid
HMDB0000208
Oxoglutaric acid, also known as alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, AKG, or 2-oxoglutaric acid, is classified as a gamma-keto acid or a gamma-keto acid derivative. gamma-Keto acids are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C4 carbon atom. alpha-Ketoglutarate is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic. alpha-Ketoglutarate is a key molecule in the TCA cycle, playing a fundamental role in determining the overall rate of this important metabolic process (PMID: 26759695). In the TCA cycle, AKG is decarboxylated to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide by AKG dehydrogenase, which functions as a key control point of the TCA cycle. Additionally, AKG can be generated from isocitrate by oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by the enzyme known as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). In addition to these routes of production, AKG can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase, and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor. AKG is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. In particular, AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in skeletal muscles (PMID: 26759695). Interestingly, enteric feeding of AKG supplements can significantly increase circulating plasma levels of hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (PMID: 26759695). It has recently been shown that AKG can extend the lifespan of adult C. elegans by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR (PMID: 24828042). In combination with molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate is required for the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline in the production of type I collagen. A recent study has shown that alpha-ketoglutarate promotes TH1 differentiation along with the depletion of glutamine thereby favouring Treg (regulatory T-cell) differentiation (PMID: 26420908). alpha-Ketoglutarate has been found to be associated with fumarase deficiency, 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, and D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which are all inborn errors of metabolism (PMID: 8338207).
328-50-7
C00026
51
30915
2-KETOGLUTARATE
50
DB02926
OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O
C5H6O5
InChI=1S/C5H6O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-oxopentanedioic acid
146.0981
146.021523302
-0.44
2
oxoglutarate
0
-2
FDB003361
2-ketoglutarate;2-ketoglutaric acid;2-oxo-1,5-pentanedioate;2-oxo-1,5-pentanedioic acid;2-oxoglutarate;2-oxoglutaric acid;2-oxopentanedioate;2-oxopentanedioic acid;Oxoglutarate;Alpha-ketoglutaric acid;Oxoglutaric acid;A-ketoglutarate;A-ketoglutaric acid;Alpha-ketoglutarate;α-ketoglutarate;α-ketoglutaric acid
PW_C000134
AKG
15
2
42
3
141
4
146
8
499
18
673
31
1108
42
1263
5
1447
50
1455
26
1467
54
5375
103
5414
117
5438
118
5564
132
6008
147
6036
155
6069
157
6092
161
6482
178
6530
85
7471
222
7515
224
7519
151
8209
225
8374
220
11863
198
12681
289
77054
253
77135
133
77481
111
77523
112
77746
129
77967
345
77970
346
77976
327
77984
347
78425
334
80018
368
80694
135
113162
94
119972
406
120022
124
120084
407
120174
122
120552
414
120814
418
120989
408
121146
423
121152
424
121160
425
122757
120
122831
119
123186
450
123399
454
123554
374
123718
458
123724
459
123732
460
125357
479
125400
299
125455
481
125533
297
125800
489
125929
482
126900
501
126940
388
126993
206
127066
205
127255
506
127388
502
57937
gibberellin A12
Gibberellin a12 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a12 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A12 is the final product of gibberellin A12 biosynthesis.
C11857
25244528
30088
CPD1F-95
[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3(CC1=C)[C@@]([H])(CC2)[C@]1(C)CCC[C@@](C)(C([O-])=O)[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([O-])=O
C20H26O4
InChI=1S/C20H28O4/c1-11-9-20-10-12(11)5-6-13(20)18(2)7-4-8-19(3,17(23)24)15(18)14(20)16(21)22/h12-15H,1,4-10H2,2-3H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)/p-2/t12-,13+,14-,15+,18+,19-,20+/m1/s1
UJFQJDAESQJXTG-UFUZVNNQSA-L
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
330.425
330.184206477
-4.34
0
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
-2
-2
C20-gas;C20-ga skeleton;C20-gibberellin skeleton;C20 skeleton;Ga12;Open lactone gibberrellin skeleton
PW_C057937
Ga12
12652
249
12662
151
1065
Oxygen
HMDB0001377
Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.9% of the volume of air. All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Oxygen in the form of O2 is produced from water by cyanobacteria, algae and plants during photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration for all living organisms. Green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on earth and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. Oxygen is used in mitochondria to help generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during oxidative phosphorylation. For animals, a constant supply of oxygen is indispensable for cardiac viability and function. To meet this demand, an adult human, at rest, inhales 1.8 to 2.4 grams of oxygen per minute. This amounts to more than 6 billion tonnes of oxygen inhaled by humanity per year. At a resting pulse rate, the heart consumes approximately 8-15 ml O2/min/100 g tissue. This is significantly more than that consumed by the brain (approximately 3 ml O2/min/100 g tissue) and can increase to more than 70 ml O2/min/100 g myocardial tissue during vigorous exercise. As a general rule, mammalian heart muscle cannot produce enough energy under anaerobic conditions to maintain essential cellular processes; thus, a constant supply of oxygen is indispensable to sustain cardiac function and viability. However, the role of oxygen and oxygen-associated processes in living systems is complex, and they and can be either beneficial or contribute to cardiac dysfunction and death (through reactive oxygen species). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of oxygen-derived free radicals that are produced in mammalian cells under normal and pathologic conditions. Many ROS, such as the superoxide anion (O2-)and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), act within blood vessels, altering mechanisms mediating mechanical signal transduction and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in cellular signaling in blood vessels in both normal and pathologic states. The major pathway for the production of ROS is by way of the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to form an oxygen radical, the superoxide anion (O2-). Within the vasculature there are several enzymatic sources of O2-, including xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and nitric oxide (NO) synthases. Studies in recent years, however, suggest that the major contributor to O2- levels in vascular cells is the membrane-bound enzyme NADPH-oxidase. Produced O2- can react with other radicals, such as NO, or spontaneously dismutate to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In cells, the latter reaction is an important pathway for normal O2- breakdown and is usually catalyzed by the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Once formed, H2O2 can undergo various reactions, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase act to limit ROS accumulation within cells by breaking down H2O2 to H2O. Metabolism of H2O2 can also produce other, more damaging ROS. For example, the endogenous enzyme myeloperoxidase uses H2O2 as a substrate to form the highly reactive compound hypochlorous acid. Alternatively, H2O2 can undergo Fenton or Haber-Weiss chemistry, reacting with Fe2+/Fe3+ ions to form toxic hydroxyl radicals (-.OH). (PMID: 17027622, 15765131).
7782-44-7
C00007
977
15379
CPD-6641
952
O=O
O2
InChI=1S/O2/c1-2
MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
oxidanone
31.9988
31.989829244
0
singlet oxygen
0
0
FDB022589
Dioxygen;Molecular oxygen;O2;Oxygen;Oxygen molecule;[oo];Dioxygene;Disauerstoff;E 948;E-948;E948
PW_C001065
O2
95
9
110
5
245
16
500
18
505
8
549
14
625
28
638
3
649
10
674
31
688
20
754
15
763
4
769
33
836
2
1375
49
2016
24
2531
22
2803
29
4260
42
4747
13
5467
123
5480
125
5493
126
5508
127
5809
108
5973
147
6129
159
7006
188
7032
163
7050
160
7319
213
7533
210
7560
212
8395
151
11816
216
11864
198
11883
215
11894
211
12057
225
12063
164
12247
286
12279
226
12325
249
12706
291
12716
292
13004
298
13016
300
13026
301
13038
302
13260
223
42276
17
42657
315
76910
293
77044
294
77214
134
77350
111
77363
130
77377
331
77395
332
77497
113
77512
115
77537
334
77626
336
77723
337
77736
112
77747
129
77756
341
77805
114
77812
133
78070
329
78151
132
78381
345
78805
343
79111
360
120047
408
120383
122
120426
405
120542
407
120553
414
120594
409
120601
406
120883
415
121045
124
121104
383
121605
434
121656
429
122117
382
122573
418
122689
384
122798
374
122822
443
123027
135
123060
376
123128
447
123139
136
123163
448
123176
119
123187
450
123219
137
123226
120
123459
451
123609
118
123669
398
124163
469
124214
464
124669
399
125145
454
125275
121
125425
482
125706
478
125731
483
125737
297
125740
479
125884
481
126100
299
126272
484
126522
495
126721
489
126825
480
126964
502
126986
207
127198
209
127214
208
127219
205
127222
501
127305
504
127345
206
127557
388
127574
515
127835
389
128081
395
128095
390
128312
506
128432
391
1316
Carbon dioxide
HMDB0001967
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend on living and decaying plants for food, either directly or indirectly. It is, therefore, a major component of the carbon cycle. Additionally, carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis to make sugars which may either be consumed again in respiration or used as the raw material to produce polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, proteins and the wide variety of other organic compounds required for plant growth and development. When inhaled at concentrations much higher than usual atmospheric levels, it can produce a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat. These effects result from the gas dissolving in the mucous membranes and saliva, forming a weak solution of carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. Carbon dioxide is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water. Traditionally, the carbonation in beer and sparkling wine comes about through natural fermentation, but some manufacturers carbonate these drinks artificially.
124-38-9
C00011
280
16526
274
O=C=O
CO2
InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
methanedione
44.0095
43.989829244
0.63
0
carbon dioxide
0
0
DBMET00423
FDB014084
Carbon oxide;Carbon-12 dioxide;Carbonic acid anhydride;Carbonic acid gas;Carbonic anhydride;[co2];Co2;E 290;E-290;E290;R-744
PW_C001316
CO2
50
8
121
1
204
4
480
13
503
18
640
3
677
31
695
20
806
5
1133
43
1638
49
1745
2
2551
17
3144
70
5283
103
5320
111
5750
108
5771
101
5968
100
6026
155
6078
161
6471
178
6637
107
6922
190
7017
160
7035
163
7061
188
7163
205
7308
198
7333
213
7461
222
7530
210
8215
225
8223
151
9158
249
11849
277
11908
170
12464
226
12688
290
42626
315
43523
318
76994
293
77122
133
77170
132
77470
333
77739
112
77750
129
77763
341
78077
134
78405
356
78427
334
78941
331
79227
130
80008
368
80675
119
80717
135
94836
384
113291
391
115549
121
119954
406
120089
122
120155
407
120364
412
120556
414
120833
419
120922
124
120991
408
121284
125
121505
383
122744
120
123011
446
123190
450
123418
455
123489
118
123556
374
123855
136
124063
398
125344
479
125460
297
125516
481
125824
490
125870
299
125931
482
126280
480
126887
501
127052
206
127277
507
127331
388
127390
502
174
Succinic acid
HMDB0000254
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid cycle capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in the mitochondria, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, binds enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP). Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the whole Krebs cycle. The succinate can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate. (PMID 16143825) Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations (i.e.: Huntington's disease. (PMID 11803021).
110-15-6
C00042
1110
15741
SUC
1078
DB00139
OC(=O)CCC(O)=O
C4H6O4
InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)
KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
butanedioic acid
118.088
118.02660868
0.25
2
succinic acid
0
-2
FDB001931
1,2-ethanedicarboxylate;1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid;1,4-butanedioate;1,4-butanedioic acid;Amber acid;Asuccin;Dihydrofumarate;Dihydrofumaric acid;Katasuccin;Succinate;Wormwood acid;Acide butanedioique;Acide succinique;Acidum succinicum;Bernsteinsaeure;Butandisaeure;Butanedionic acid;E363;Ethylenesuccinic acid;Hooc-ch2-ch2-cooh;Spirit of amber;Butanedionate;Ethylenesuccinate
PW_C000174
Succini
152
3
239
4
502
18
507
8
676
31
1265
5
4255
17
5383
103
6042
155
6102
161
6454
107
6455
108
6489
178
6764
117
6836
166
7362
163
7455
219
7456
220
7477
222
11866
198
12142
151
13259
223
42368
318
42369
315
42402
322
77143
133
77213
134
77483
111
77738
112
77749
129
78426
334
80024
368
80721
119
112846
308
113428
1
119984
406
120192
407
120385
122
120555
414
120990
408
122565
384
122767
120
123029
135
123189
450
123555
374
125138
121
125364
479
125549
481
125930
482
126713
480
126906
501
127082
206
127389
502
128304
391
57939
gibberellin A15
Gibberellin a15 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a15 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A15 is an inactive gibberellin.
C11860
25245948
29590
CPD1F-97
C[C@]1(CCC[C@@]2(CO)[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]4C[C@]3(CC4=C)[C@H]([C@H]12)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
C20H26O5
InChI=1S/C20H28O5/c1-11-8-20-9-12(11)4-5-13(20)19(10-21)7-3-6-18(2,17(24)25)15(19)14(20)16(22)23/h12-15,21H,1,3-10H2,2H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/p-2/t12-,13+,14-,15-,18-,19-,20+/m1/s1
TZGXVFYTKTWKCU-CXXOJBQZSA-L
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
346.424
346.179121097
-3.37
1
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
-2
-2
Gibberellin a15;Ga15;Ga15 (open lactone form)
PW_C057939
Ga15
12667
151
544
Fe2+
HMDB0000692
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron makes up 5% of the Earth's crust and is second in abundance to aluminium among the metals and fourth in abundance among the elements. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. Iron (as Fe2+, ferrous ion) is a necessary trace element used by all known living organisms. Iron-containing enzymes, usually containing heme prosthetic groups, participate in catalysis of oxidation reactions in biology, and in transport of a number of soluble gases. Iron is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Inorganic iron involved in redox reactions is also found in the iron-sulfur clusters of many enzymes, such as nitrogenase (involved in the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen) and hydrogenase. A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions such as ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters). When the body is fighting a bacterial infection, the body sequesters iron inside of cells (mostly stored in the storage molecule ferritin) so that it cannot be used by bacteria. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia. Humans experience iron toxicity above 20 milligrams of iron for every kilogram of weight, and 60 milligrams per kilogram is a lethal dose. Over-consumption of iron, often the result of children eating large quantities of ferrous sulfate tablets intended for adult consumption, is the most common toxicological cause of death in children under six. The DRI lists the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults as 45 mg/day. For children under fourteen years old the UL is 40 mg/day. Iron is a metal extracted from iron ore, and is almost never found in the free elemental state.
15438-31-0
C14818
27284
29033
Ferric-Hydroxamate-Complexes
25394
DB01592
[Fe++]
Fe
InChI=1S/Fe/q+2
CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
lambda2-iron(2+) ion
55.845
55.934942133
0
lambda2-iron(2+) ion
2
2
FDB016251
Armco iron;Carbonyl iron;Fe;Ferrovac e;Hematite;Infed;Loha;Limonite;Magnetite;Malleable iron;Metopirone;Metyrapone;Pzho;Pzh2m;Remko;Suy-b 2;Taconite;Venofer;Wrought iron;Fe (ii) ion;Fe(ii);Fe2+;Fe(2+);Ferrous ion;Iron ion(2+)
PW_C000544
Fe2+
398
19
641
3
678
31
692
20
709
8
1777
2
7041
163
7052
160
12060
225
12143
151
77179
132
77740
112
77751
129
77760
341
77782
111
120544
407
120557
414
120570
122
121765
124
123178
119
123191
450
123204
135
124316
118
126143
299
126185
481
127650
388
31
Ascorbic acid
HMDB0000044
Ascorbic acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables and is an essential nutrient in human diets. It is necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. The biologically active form of ascorbic acid is vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin. Primates (including humans) and a few other species in all divisions of the animal kingdom, notably the guinea pig, have lost the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid and must obtain it in their food. Vitamin C functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. [PubChem] Ascorbic acid is an electron donor for enzymes involved in collagen hydroxylation, biosynthesis of carnitine and norepinephrine, tyrosine metabolism, and amidation of peptide hormones. Ascrobic acid (vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy. The amount of vitamin C necessary to prevent scurvy may not be adequate to maintain optimal health. The ability of vitamin C to donate electrons also makes it a potent water-soluble antioxidant that readily scavenges free radicals such as molecular oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid. In this setting, several mechanisms could account for a link between vitamin C and heart disease. One is the relation between LDL oxidation and vitamins C and E. Vitamin C in vitro can recycle vitamin E, which can donate electrons to prevent LDL oxidation in vitro. As the lipid-phase vitamin E is oxidized, it can be regenerated by aqueous vitamin C. Other possibilities are that vitamin C could decrease cholesterol by mechanisms not well characterized, or could improve vasodilatation and vascular reactivity, perhaps by decreasing the interactions of nitric oxide with oxidants. (PMID: 10799361).
50-81-7
C00072
54670067
29073
ASCORBATE
10189562
DB00126
[H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO
C6H8O6
InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1
CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N
(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
176.1241
176.032087988
0.14
4
vitamin C
0
-1
FDB001224
(+)-sodium l-ascorbate;(+)-ascorbate;(+)-ascorbic acid;3-keto-l-gulofuranolactone;3-oxo-l-gulofuranolactone;Adenex;Allercorb;Antiscorbic vitamin;Antiscorbutic vitamin;Arco-cee;Ascoltin;Ascor-b.i.d.;Ascorb;Ascorbajen;Ascorbate;Ascorbic acid;Ascorbicab;Ascorbicap;Ascorbicin;Ascorbin;Ascorbutina;Ascorin;Ascorteal;Ascorvit;C-level;C-long;C-quin;C-span;C-vimin;Cantan;Cantaxin;Catavin c;Ce lent;Ce-mi-lin;Ce-vi-sol;Cebicure;Cebid;Cebion;Cebione;Cecon;Cee-caps td;Cee-vite;Cegiolan;Ceglion;Ceklin;Celaskon;Celin;Cell c;Cemagyl;Cemill;Cenetone;Cenolate;Cereon;Cergona;Cescorbat;Cetamid;Cetane;Cetane-caps tc;Cetane-caps td;Cetebe;Cetemican;Cevalin;Cevatine;Cevex;Cevi-bid;Cevimin;Cevital;Cevitamate;Cevitamic acid;Cevitamin;Cevitan;Cevitex;Cewin;Chewcee;Ciamin;Cipca;Citriscorb;Citrovit;Colascor;Concemin;Davitamon c;Dora-c-500;Duoscorb;Ferrous ascorbate;Hicee;Hybrin;Ido-c;Juvamine;Kangbingfeng;Kyselina askorbova;L(+)-ascorbate;L(+)-ascorbic acid;L-(+)-ascorbate;L-(+)-ascorbic acid;L-3-ketothreohexuronic acid lactone;L-ascorbate;L-ascorbic acid;L-lyxoascorbate;L-lyxoascorbic acid;L-threo-ascorbic acid;L-xyloascorbate;L-xyloascorbic acid;Laroscorbine;Lemascorb;Liqui-cee;Meri-c;Natrascorb;Natrascorb injectable;Planavit c;Proscorbin;Redoxon;Ribena;Ronotec 100;Rontex 100;Roscorbic;Rovimix c;Scorbacid;Scorbu c;Scorbu-c;Secorbate;Sodascorbate;Suncoat vc 40;Testascorbic;Vasc;Vicelat;Vicin;Vicomin c;Viforcit;Viscorin;Viscorin 100m;Vitace;Vitacee;Vitacimin;Vitacin;Vitamin c;Vitamisin;Vitascorbol;Xitix;Gamma-lactone l-threo-hex-2-enonate;Gamma-lactone l-threo-hex-2-enonic acid;Acide ascorbique;Acido ascorbico;Acidum ascorbicum;Acidum ascorbinicum;Ascorbinsaeure;E 300;E-300;E300
PW_C000031
VitC
679
31
698
20
1267
5
2021
14
6252
107
12146
151
12297
225
13402
222
42506
318
77752
129
77766
341
78429
334
79116
115
115855
336
120558
414
120993
408
121610
405
123192
450
123558
374
124168
376
125933
482
127392
502
127579
209
57945
gibberellin A24
Gibberellin a24 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a24 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A24 is an inactive gibberellin.
C11861
25246232
32906
CPD1F-120
C[C@]1(CCC[C@@]2(C=O)[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]4C[C@]3(CC4=C)[C@H]([C@H]12)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
C20H24O5
InChI=1S/C20H26O5/c1-11-8-20-9-12(11)4-5-13(20)19(10-21)7-3-6-18(2,17(24)25)15(19)14(20)16(22)23/h10,12-15H,1,3-9H2,2H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/p-2/t12-,13+,14-,15-,18-,19-,20+/m1/s1
QQRSSHFHXYSOMF-CXXOJBQZSA-L
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-8-formyl-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
344.408
344.163471033
-3.45
0
(1R,2S,3S,4R,8R,9R,12R)-8-formyl-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
-2
-2
GA24
PW_C057945
GA24
12733
151
1420
Water
HMDB0002111
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71% of Earth's surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the sun's energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia).
7732-18-5
C00001
962
15377
937
O
H2O
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
18.0153
18.010564686
1
water
0
0
FDB013390
Dihydrogen oxide;Steam;[oh2];Acqua;Agua;Aqua;Bound water;Dihydridooxygen;Eau;H2o;Hoh;Hydrogen hydroxide;Wasser
PW_C001420
H2O
55
8
94
9
109
5
139
4
151
3
162
14
481
13
526
15
624
28
652
10
691
20
770
33
823
18
838
2
1094
31
1377
49
1465
54
1590
43
2018
24
2532
22
2678
60
2727
46
2778
17
2805
29
3143
70
3164
72
3634
61
4598
36
4727
37
4941
93
5030
27
5156
7
5195
97
5214
100
5227
94
5236
103
5297
105
5319
111
5343
113
5355
112
5402
110
5470
123
5483
125
5492
126
5507
127
5534
130
5537
114
5541
129
5591
135
5608
118
5622
108
5691
6
5759
140
5778
101
5841
143
5853
146
5877
107
5890
95
5910
147
5940
151
6032
155
6059
157
6087
161
6123
163
6133
159
6215
1
6218
166
6477
178
6507
180
6600
152
6713
117
6840
188
6888
160
7162
205
7181
207
7193
206
7211
211
7228
213
7238
214
7243
215
7295
198
7350
216
7388
210
7401
212
7467
222
7492
224
7500
190
7588
170
8201
225
8237
226
8414
162
9265
26
11850
277
11922
164
12011
281
12213
285
12250
286
12264
287
12327
249
12520
227
12632
65
12693
290
12705
291
12715
292
13007
298
13019
300
13025
301
13037
302
13261
223
13327
294
15340
308
42327
315
42695
318
43691
322
76914
293
77019
253
77102
132
77131
133
77215
134
77378
331
77397
332
77471
333
77516
115
77536
334
77628
336
77722
337
77759
341
77816
343
77982
347
78071
329
78235
352
78242
353
78270
356
79113
360
80014
368
80039
370
80591
228
80656
119
93830
383
94794
384
110557
390
110639
391
115844
398
119879
232
119915
122
119963
406
120008
407
120046
408
120113
124
120365
412
120430
405
120438
409
120606
415
120794
414
121158
425
121240
429
121351
121
121381
419
121607
434
122118
382
122384
436
122753
120
122797
374
122804
443
123012
446
123064
376
123072
137
123131
447
123142
136
123162
448
123231
451
123384
450
123730
460
123810
464
123940
455
124165
469
124670
399
124938
471
124945
472
125305
297
125353
479
125386
481
125424
482
125480
299
125682
483
125707
478
125745
487
126054
490
126238
495
126273
484
126764
480
126896
501
126963
502
127017
388
127177
208
127199
209
127227
504
127506
507
127576
515
127836
389
128082
395
128176
513
57946
gibberellin A9
Gibberellin a9 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids. These are c19-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a9 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A9 is an inactive gibberellin.
C11863
25244370
73255
CPD1F-134
C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]3(OC1=O)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]4C[C@]1(CC4=C)[C@H]([C@H]23)C([O-])=O
C19H23O4
InChI=1S/C19H24O4/c1-10-8-18-9-11(10)4-5-12(18)19-7-3-6-17(2,16(22)23-19)14(19)13(18)15(20)21/h11-14H,1,3-9H2,2H3,(H,20,21)/p-1/t11-,12-,13-,14-,17+,18+,19-/m1/s1
MHVYWTXXZIFXDT-PKZSZHAESA-M
(1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,10R,11S)-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.1^{5,8}.0^{1,10}.0^{2,8}]heptadecane-9-carboxylate
315.39
315.160182801
-3.49
0
(1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,10R,11S)-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.1^{5,8}.0^{1,10}.0^{2,8}]heptadecane-9-carboxylate
-1
-1
C19-GA skeleton;C19-GAs;C19-gibberellin skeleton;C19 skeleton;closed lactone gibberellin skeleton;GA9
PW_C057946
GA9
12734
151
40034
Hydrogen Ion
HMDB0059597
Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [WikiPedia])
C00080
1038
15378
1010
[H+]
H
InChI=1S/p+1
GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydron
1.0079
1.007825032
0
hydron
1
0
H+;H(+);Hydrogen cation;Hydron;Proton
PW_C040034
H+
215
4
670
8
753
15
788
31
848
3
1116
2
1463
26
1464
54
2231
49
2780
17
4250
22
4254
42
4547
10
4576
18
4694
70
5241
103
5327
111
5353
112
5626
108
5639
107
5699
100
5720
105
5742
117
5963
147
6037
155
6070
157
6093
161
6130
159
6232
166
6483
178
6601
152
6692
101
6843
188
6910
187
7100
163
7168
205
7191
206
7453
219
7454
220
7472
222
7525
213
7532
210
7558
212
7572
160
7590
170
8195
225
8218
151
8243
226
8413
162
8420
224
9139
195
9155
249
11915
164
12015
281
12181
285
12246
286
12266
287
12521
227
13257
223
13325
294
15330
308
42329
315
42354
318
42401
322
42405
312
42454
320
76912
293
77136
133
77210
134
77372
331
77804
114
77955
132
77990
327
77991
347
78379
345
79929
130
80019
368
80387
310
80388
304
80722
119
93823
124
94823
383
110550
388
112855
94
113280
390
115537
398
115539
118
115856
336
116205
109
119973
406
120193
407
120549
122
120593
409
121170
424
121171
425
122569
418
122615
384
122687
125
122758
120
123183
135
123218
137
123742
459
123743
460
125141
454
125188
121
125273
136
125359
479
125550
481
125730
483
125736
297
125809
299
126517
495
126717
489
126766
480
126823
300
126902
501
127213
208
128308
506
128361
391
128430
395
57941
gibberellin A4
Gibberellin a4 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A4 is an active gibberellin. Gibberellin a4 has the chemical formula C19H23O5, and an average molecular weight of 331.389. Gibberellin a4 is involved in a couple of pathways, which are Gibberellin Biosynthesis I (Early C-3 Hydroxylation) Pathway and Gibberellin Biosynthesis III (Non C-3, Non C-13 Hydroxylation) Pathway.
C11864
25245706
32902
CPD1F-137
DB07815
C[C@@]12[C@H]3[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@]45C[C@@H](CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H]1O)OC2=O)C(=C)C5
C19H23O5
InChI=1S/C19H24O5/c1-9-7-18-8-10(9)3-4-11(18)19-6-5-12(20)17(2,16(23)24-19)14(19)13(18)15(21)22/h10-14,20H,1,3-8H2,2H3,(H,21,22)/p-1/t10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,17+,18+,19-/m1/s1
RSQSQJNRHICNNH-UKJRIFTCSA-M
(1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.1^{5,8}.0^{1,10}.0^{2,8}]heptadecane-9-carboxylate
331.389
331.155097421
-2.82
1
(1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.1^{5,8}.0^{1,10}.0^{2,8}]heptadecane-9-carboxylate
-1
-1
Ga4
PW_C057941
Ga4
12666
151
57940
gibberellin A36
Gibberellin a36 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A36 is an inactive gibberellin. Gibberellin a36 has the chemical formula C20H24O6, and an average molecular weight of 360.407. Gibberellin a36 is involved in a couple of pathways, which are Gibberellin Biosynthesis I (Early C-3 Hydroxylation) Pathway and Gibberellin Biosynthesis III (Non C-3, Non C-13 Hydroxylation) Pathway.
C11862
25243919
29595
CPD-6201
C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@]34C[C@@H](CC[C@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@@H]1O)C=O)C(=C)C4)C([O-])=O
C20H24O6
InChI=1S/C20H26O6/c1-10-7-20-8-11(10)3-4-12(20)19(9-21)6-5-13(22)18(2,17(25)26)15(19)14(20)16(23)24/h9,11-15,22H,1,3-8H2,2H3,(H,23,24)(H,25,26)/p-2/t11-,12+,13+,14-,15-,18-,19-,20+/m1/s1
JZBLVVPDEDCVQA-SQLMURCQSA-L
(1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,8R,9R,12R)-8-formyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
360.407
360.158385653
-2.94
1
(1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,8R,9R,12R)-8-formyl-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylate
-2
-2
Ga36
PW_C057940
Ga36
12665
151
57947
gibberellin A25
Gibberellin a25 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c20-gibberellin 20-carboxylic acids. These are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a25 is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. Gibberellin A25 is an inactive gibberellin.
25244685
72601
CPD1F-84
[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3(CC1=C)[C@@]([H])(CC2)[C@@]1(CCC[C@@](C)(C([O-])=O)[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
C20H23O6
InChI=1S/C20H26O6/c1-10-8-19-9-11(10)4-5-12(19)20(17(25)26)7-3-6-18(2,16(23)24)14(20)13(19)15(21)22/h11-14H,1,3-9H2,2H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H,25,26)/p-3/t11-,12-,13-,14-,18-,19+,20-/m1/s1
XOUJCIPAKFLTCI-POPXMCHDSA-K
(1R,2S,3R,4R,8R,9R,12R)-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate
359.4
359.1511092
-3.17
0
(1R,2S,3R,4R,8R,9R,12R)-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate
-3
-3
GA25
PW_C057947
GA25
12735
151
57948
gibberellin A13
Gibberellin a13 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c20-gibberellin 20-carboxylic acids. These are c20-gibberellins with a carboxyl group at the 6-position. Gibberellin a13 is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gibberellin A13 is an inactive gibberellin.
25246018
72598
CPD-6221
[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3(CC1=C)[C@@]([H])(CC2)[C@@]1(CC[C@]([H])(O)[C@@](C)(C([O-])=O)[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
C20H23O7
InChI=1S/C20H26O7/c1-9-7-19-8-10(9)3-4-11(19)20(17(26)27)6-5-12(21)18(2,16(24)25)14(20)13(19)15(22)23/h10-14,21H,1,3-8H2,2H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27)/p-3/t10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,18-,19+,20-/m1/s1
UYRCHWLYXIQJKK-HMRRIYTKSA-K
(1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,8R,9R,12R)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate
375.399
375.14602382
-2.58
1
(1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,8R,9R,12R)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.0^{1,9}.0^{3,8}]pentadecane-2,4,8-tricarboxylate
-3
-3
GA13
PW_C057948
GA13
12736
151
11634
gibberellin 20-oxidase
Q39110
Gibberellin 20-oxidase is an enzyme in the cytosol that catalyzes several reactions in gibberellin biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of gibberellin A53 into gibberellin A44 open lactone, gibberellin A14 into gibberellin A37, gibberellin A12 into gibberellin A15, gibberellin A15 into gibberellin A24, gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A9, gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A25, and gibberellin A36 into gibberellin A4. It requires Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors.
GA20ox1
4
1.14.11.-
12656
151
11635
gibberellin 3-oxidase
Q39103
Gibberellin 3-oxidase is an enzyme in the cytosol that catalyzes several reactions in gibberellin biosynthesis. It converts gibberellin A15 into gibberellin A37, gibberellin A44 open lactone into gibberellin A38, gibberellin A24 into gibberellin A36, gibberellin A9 into the active gibberellin A4, and gibberellin A20 into the active gibberellin A1. It requires Fe2+ and L-ascorbate as cofactors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, gibberellin 3-oxidase is encoded by 4 differentially expressed genes (GA3ox1, GA3ox2, GA3ox3, GA3ox4).
GA3ox1
4
1.4.11.15; 1.4.11.-
12658
151
11636
gibberellin oxidase
Z0Z000
Gibberellin oxidase is a placeholder enzyme located in the cytosol representing several different reactions in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway whose catalytic enzymes have not yet been elucidated.
?
4
1.4.11.-
12660
151
5511
gibberellin 20-oxidase
4
PW_P005511
12865
11634
706
544
707
31
12657
151
5512
gibberellin 3-oxidase
4
PW_P005512
12866
11635
708
544
709
31
12659
151
5513
gibberellin oxidase
4
PW_P005513
12867
11636
12661
151
47658
PW_R047658
Right
147565
134
1
Compound
false
147566
57937
1
Compound
false
147567
1065
1
Compound
false
147568
1316
1
Compound
false
147569
174
1
Compound
false
147570
57939
1
Compound
false
37800
5511
1.14.11.-
47659
PW_R047659
Right
147571
57939
1
Compound
false
147572
1065
1
Compound
false
147573
134
1
Compound
false
147574
57945
1
Compound
false
147575
1316
1
Compound
false
147576
1420
1
Compound
false
147577
174
1
Compound
false
37801
5511
47660
PW_R047660
Right
147578
57945
1
Compound
false
147579
134
1
Compound
false
147580
1065
1
Compound
false
147581
57946
1
Compound
false
147582
174
1
Compound
false
147583
1316
2
Compound
false
147584
40034
1
Compound
false
37802
5511
47661
PW_R047661
Right
147585
57946
1
Compound
false
147586
134
1
Compound
false
147587
1065
1
Compound
false
147588
57941
1
Compound
false
147589
174
1
Compound
false
147590
1316
1
Compound
false
37803
5512
1.4.11.-
47662
PW_R047662
Right
147591
57945
1
Compound
false
147592
1065
1
Compound
false
147593
134
1
Compound
false
147594
57940
1
Compound
false
147595
1316
1
Compound
false
147596
174
1
Compound
false
37804
5512
1.4.11.-
47663
PW_R047663
Right
147597
57945
1
Compound
false
147598
134
1
Compound
false
147599
1065
1
Compound
false
147600
57947
1
Compound
false
147601
174
1
Compound
false
147602
1316
1
Compound
false
147603
40034
1
Compound
false
37805
5511
47664
PW_R047664
Right
147604
57947
1
Compound
false
147605
134
1
Compound
false
147606
1065
1
Compound
false
147607
57948
1
Compound
false
147608
174
1
Compound
false
147609
1316
1
Compound
false
37806
5513
420728
134
151
3
false
622
854
10
regular
100
110
420729
57937
151
3
false
552
994
10
regular
100
110
420730
1065
151
65
false
643
1149
10
regular
78
78
420731
1316
151
52
false
973
1150
10
regular
78
78
420732
174
151
3
false
972
848
10
regular
100
100
420733
57939
151
3
false
1047
993
10
regular
100
110
420734
544
151
9
false
802
998
10
regular
100
25
420735
31
151
9
false
802
978
10
regular
100
25
420736
1065
151
65
false
1143
1150
10
regular
78
78
420737
134
151
3
false
1122
838
10
regular
100
110
420738
57945
151
3
false
1622
995
10
regular
100
110
420739
1316
151
52
false
1463
1265
10
regular
78
78
420740
1420
151
49
false
1473
1148
10
regular
78
78
420741
174
151
3
false
1472
851
10
regular
100
100
420742
544
151
9
false
1297
998
10
regular
100
25
420743
31
151
9
false
1297
978
10
regular
100
25
420759
134
151
3
false
1772
242
10
regular
100
110
420760
1065
151
65
false
1793
547
10
regular
78
78
420761
57946
151
3
false
2192
397
10
regular
100
100
420762
174
151
3
false
2122
252
10
regular
100
100
420763
1316
151
52
false
2123
547
10
regular
78
78
420764
40034
151
55
false
2113
675
10
regular
78
78
420765
544
151
9
false
1947
398
10
regular
100
25
420766
31
151
9
false
1947
378
10
regular
100
25
420767
134
151
3
false
2272
239
10
regular
100
110
420768
1065
151
65
false
2293
549
10
regular
78
78
420769
57941
151
3
false
2697
396
10
regular
100
100
420770
174
151
3
false
2622
251
10
regular
100
100
420771
1316
151
52
false
2623
546
10
regular
78
78
420772
544
151
9
false
2447
398
10
regular
100
25
420773
31
151
9
false
2447
378
10
regular
100
25
420788
1065
151
65
false
1793
1147
10
regular
78
78
420789
134
151
3
false
1772
840
10
regular
100
110
420790
57940
151
3
false
2192
996
10
regular
100
110
420791
1316
151
52
false
2123
1151
10
regular
78
78
420792
174
151
3
false
2122
849
10
regular
100
100
420793
544
151
9
false
1947
1000
10
regular
100
25
420794
31
151
9
false
1947
980
10
regular
100
25
420795
134
151
3
false
1772
1437
10
regular
100
110
420796
1065
151
65
false
1798
1747
10
regular
78
78
420797
57947
151
3
false
2197
1595
10
regular
100
110
420798
174
151
3
false
2122
1450
10
regular
100
100
420799
1316
151
52
false
2123
1750
10
regular
78
78
420800
40034
151
55
false
2113
1868
10
regular
78
78
420801
544
151
9
false
1947
1603
10
regular
100
25
420802
31
151
9
false
1947
1583
10
regular
100
25
420803
134
151
3
false
2272
1442
10
regular
100
110
420804
1065
151
65
false
2293
1747
10
regular
78
78
420805
57948
151
3
false
2697
1594
10
regular
100
110
420806
174
151
3
false
2622
1449
10
regular
100
100
420807
1316
151
52
false
2623
1749
10
regular
78
78
251294
11634
151
2
false
772
1013
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251295
11634
151
2
false
1272
1013
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251298
11634
151
2
false
1922
413
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251299
11635
151
2
false
2422
413
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251302
11635
151
2
false
1922
1015
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251303
11634
151
2
false
1922
1618
8
subunit
regular
150
70
251304
11636
151
98
false
2417
1616
8
subunit
regular
150
70
143874
5511
12689
151
250483
251294
5104
420734
649178
Cofactor
5105
420735
649179
Cofactor
143875
5511
12689
151
250484
251295
5106
420742
649188
Cofactor
5107
420743
649189
Cofactor
143878
5511
12689
151
250487
251298
5112
420765
649214
Cofactor
5113
420766
649215
Cofactor
143879
5512
12689
151
250488
251299
5114
420772
649222
Cofactor
5115
420773
649223
Cofactor
143882
5512
12689
151
250491
251302
5120
420793
649246
Cofactor
5121
420794
649247
Cofactor
143883
5511
12689
151
250492
251303
5122
420801
649255
Cofactor
5123
420802
649256
Cofactor
143884
5513
12689
151
250493
251304
649172
M722 909 C724 1000 742 1048 772 1048
5
false
18
true
M 937.0096189432334 956.5 L 950 949 L 937.0096189432334 941.5
false
649173
M652 1049 C682 1049 742 1048 772 1048
5
false
18
649174
M721 1188 C721 1116 741 1048 771 1048
5
false
18
649175
M973 1189 C974 1108 952 1048 922 1048
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
649176
M972 898 C971 986 952 1048 922 1048
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
649177
M1047 1048 C1017 1048 952 1048 922 1048
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
649178
M192 133.5 L192 183.5 L242 133.5 z
10
true
18
649179
M192 113.5 L192 163.5 L242 113.5 z
10
true
18
649180
M552 1049 C522 1049 432 1049 402 1049
5
false
18
true
M 717.0096189432334 957.5 L 730 950 L 717.0096189432334 942.5
false
649181
M1147 1048 C1177 1048 1242 1048 1272 1048
5
false
18
649182
M1221 1189 C1222 1110 1242 1048 1272 1048
5
false
18
true
M 1437.0096189432334 956.5 L 1450 949 L 1437.0096189432334 941.5
false
649183
M1222 893 C1221 991 1242 1048 1272 1048
5
false
18
649184
M1622 1050 C1592 1050 1452 1048 1422 1048
5
false
18
true
M 797.9468550441649 474.261556296296 L 783 473 L 789.3808877211858 486.5751343230783
false
649185
M1463 1304 C1463 1204 1452 1048 1422 1048
5
false
18
true
M 797.9468550441649 474.261556296296 L 783 473 L 789.3808877211858 486.5751343230783
false
649186
M1473 1187 C1474 1105 1452 1048 1422 1048
5
false
18
true
M 797.9468550441649 474.261556296296 L 783 473 L 789.3808877211858 486.5751343230783
false
649187
M1472 901 C1471 985 1452 1048 1422 1048
5
false
18
true
M 797.9468550441649 474.261556296296 L 783 473 L 789.3808877211858 486.5751343230783
false
649188
M1417 783.5 L1417 833.5 L1467 783.5 z
10
true
18
649189
M1417 763.5 L1417 813.5 L1467 763.5 z
10
true
18
649207
M1672 995 C1671 948 1675 498 1673 451 C1721 450 1872 448 1922 448
5
false
18
true
M 2087.0096189432334 1006.5 L 2100 999 L 2087.0096189432334 991.5
false
649208
M1872 297 C1902 297 1892 448 1922 448
5
false
18
649209
M1871 586 C1870 500 1892 448 1922 448
5
false
18
true
M 2087.0096189432334 1006.5 L 2100 999 L 2087.0096189432334 991.5
false
649210
M2192 447 C2162 447 2102 448 2072 448
5
false
18
true
M 1220.9468550441647 1050.261556296296 L 1206 1049 L 1212.380887721186 1062.5751343230784
false
649211
M2122 302 C2121 389 2102 448 2072 448
5
false
18
true
M 1220.9468550441647 1050.261556296296 L 1206 1049 L 1212.380887721186 1062.5751343230784
false
649212
M2123 586 C2124 511 2102 448 2072 448
5
false
18
true
M 1220.9468550441647 1050.261556296296 L 1206 1049 L 1212.380887721186 1062.5751343230784
false
649213
M2113 714 C2115 605 2102 448 2072 448
5
false
18
true
M 1220.9468550441647 1050.261556296296 L 1206 1049 L 1212.380887721186 1062.5751343230784
false
649214
M1992 1393.5 L1992 1443.5 L2042 1393.5 z
10
true
18
649215
M1992 1373.5 L1992 1423.5 L2042 1373.5 z
10
true
18
649216
M2292 447 C2322 447 2392 448 2422 448
5
false
18
649217
M2372 294 C2374 395 2392 448 2422 448
5
false
18
649218
M2371 588 C2371 508 2392 448 2422 448
5
false
18
true
M 2587.0096189432334 956.5 L 2600 949 L 2587.0096189432334 941.5
false
649219
M2697 446 C2667 446 2602 448 2572 448
5
false
18
true
M 1712.9468550441647 679.261556296296 L 1698 678 L 1704.380887721186 691.5751343230784
false
649220
M2622 301 C2621 403 2602 448 2572 448
5
false
18
true
M 1712.9468550441647 679.261556296296 L 1698 678 L 1704.380887721186 691.5751343230784
false
649221
M2623 585 C2624 501 2602 448 2572 448
5
false
18
true
M 1712.9468550441647 679.261556296296 L 1698 678 L 1704.380887721186 691.5751343230784
false
649222
M2562 793 L2562 843 L2612 793 z
10
true
18
649223
M2562 773 L2562 823 L2612 773 z
10
true
18
649240
M1722 1050 C1752 1050 1892 1050 1922 1050
5
false
18
649241
M1871 1186 C1871 1111 1892 1050 1922 1050
5
false
18
649242
M1872 895 C1872 985 1892 1050 1922 1050
5
false
18
true
M 2087.0096189432334 1558.5 L 2100 1551 L 2087.0096189432334 1543.5
false
649243
M2192 1051 C2162 1051 2102 1050 2072 1050
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1298.261556296296 L 1577 1297 L 1583.380887721186 1310.5751343230784
false
649244
M2123 1190 C2123 1116 2102 1050 2072 1050
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1298.261556296296 L 1577 1297 L 1583.380887721186 1310.5751343230784
false
649245
M2122 899 C2123 990 2102 1050 2072 1050
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1298.261556296296 L 1577 1297 L 1583.380887721186 1310.5751343230784
false
649246
M1992 1385.5 L1992 1435.5 L2042 1385.5 z
10
true
18
649247
M1992 1365.5 L1992 1415.5 L2042 1365.5 z
10
true
18
649248
M1672 1105 C1673 1160 1671 1614 1672 1651 C1734 1650 1877 1652 1922 1653
5
false
18
true
M 2086.8461997276154 2161.209544950565 L 2100 2154 L 2087.1794507868926 2146.213247283091
false
649249
M1872 1492 C1874 1593 1892 1653 1922 1653
5
false
18
649250
M1876 1786 C1876 1714 1892 1653 1922 1653
5
false
18
649251
M2197 1650 C2167 1650 2102 1653 2072 1653
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1398.261556296296 L 1577 1397 L 1583.380887721186 1410.5751343230784
false
649252
M2122 1500 C2121 1591 2102 1653 2072 1653
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1398.261556296296 L 1577 1397 L 1583.380887721186 1410.5751343230784
false
649253
M2123 1789 C2124 1719 2102 1653 2072 1653
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1398.261556296296 L 1577 1397 L 1583.380887721186 1410.5751343230784
false
649254
M2113 1907 C2113 1807 2102 1653 2072 1653
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1398.261556296296 L 1577 1397 L 1583.380887721186 1410.5751343230784
false
649255
M1992 1393.5 L1992 1443.5 L2042 1393.5 z
10
true
18
649256
M1992 1373.5 L1992 1423.5 L2042 1373.5 z
10
true
18
649257
M2297 1650 C2327 1650 2387 1651 2417 1651
5
false
18
649258
M2372 1497 C2372 1581 2387 1651 2417 1651
5
false
18
649259
M2371 1786 C2371 1716 2387 1651 2417 1651
5
false
18
true
M 2582.0096189432334 2159.5 L 2595 2152 L 2582.0096189432334 2144.5
false
649260
M2697 1649 C2667 1649 2597 1651 2567 1651
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1498.261556296296 L 1577 1497 L 1583.380887721186 1510.5751343230784
false
649261
M2622 1499 C2623 1599 2597 1651 2567 1651
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1498.261556296296 L 1577 1497 L 1583.380887721186 1510.5751343230784
false
649262
M2623 1788 C2621 1709 2597 1651 2567 1651
5
false
18
true
M 1591.9468550441647 1498.261556296296 L 1577 1497 L 1583.380887721186 1510.5751343230784
false
155320
12689
47658
151
579537
420728
649172
Left
579538
420729
649173
Left
579539
420730
649174
Left
579540
420731
649175
Right
579541
420732
649176
Right
579542
420733
649177
Right
116413
37800
143874
155321
12689
47659
151
579543
420733
649181
Left
579544
420736
649182
Left
579545
420737
649183
Left
579546
420738
649184
Right
579547
420739
649185
Right
579548
420740
649186
Right
579549
420741
649187
Right
116414
37801
143875
155324
12689
47660
151
579563
420738
649207
Left
579564
420759
649208
Left
579565
420760
649209
Left
579566
420761
649210
Right
579567
420762
649211
Right
579568
420763
649212
Right
579569
420764
649213
Right
116417
37802
143878
155325
12689
47661
151
579570
420761
649216
Left
579571
420767
649217
Left
579572
420768
649218
Left
579573
420769
649219
Right
579574
420770
649220
Right
579575
420771
649221
Right
116418
37803
143879
155328
12689
47662
151
579588
420738
649240
Left
579589
420788
649241
Left
579590
420789
649242
Left
579591
420790
649243
Right
579592
420791
649244
Right
579593
420792
649245
Right
116421
37804
143882
155329
12689
47663
151
579594
420738
649248
Left
579595
420795
649249
Left
579596
420796
649250
Left
579597
420797
649251
Right
579598
420798
649252
Right
579599
420799
649253
Right
579600
420800
649254
Right
116422
37805
143883
155330
12689
47664
151
579601
420797
649257
Left
579602
420803
649258
Left
579603
420804
649259
Left
579604
420805
649260
Right
579605
420806
649261
Right
579606
420807
649262
Right
116423
37806
143884
3850
4493
12689
14
false
252
1014
16
regular
2205
420729
649180
Right
187411
275
1390
1.0
1.0
0
2
91
543
497
53377
M125 225 C125 175 175 125 225 125 C1012 125 2036 125 2823 125 C2873 125 2923 175 2923 225 C2923 753 2923 1439 2923 1967 C2923 2017 2873 2067 2823 2067 C2036 2067 1012 2067 225 2067 C175 2067 125 2017 125 1967 C125 1439 125 753 125 225
1
true
6
2798.0
1942.0
21579
15
Cytosol
242
204
20
1.0
1.0
160
15