Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
Bos taurus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-08-10
Last Updated: 2019-09-15
The malate-aspartate shuttle system, also called the malate shuttle, is an essential system used by mitochondria, that allows electrons to move across the impermeable membrane between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. The electrons are created during glycolysis, and are needed for oxidative phosphorylation. The malate-aspartate shuttle is needed as the inner membrane is not permeable to NADH or NAD+, but is permeable to the ions that attach to malate. When the malate gets inside the membrane,the energy inside of malate is taken out by creating NADH from NAD+, which regenerates oxaloacetate. NADH can then transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.
References
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle References
Palmisano A, Aurilia V, Ferrara L, Cubellis MV, Sannia G, Marino G: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for bovine mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 May;27(5):507-11.
Pubmed: 7641080
Harhay GP, Sonstegard TS, Keele JW, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Snelling WM, Wiedmann RT, Van Tassell CP, Smith TP: Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences. BMC Genomics. 2005 Nov 23;6:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166.
Pubmed: 16305752
Capasso S, Garzillo AM, Marino G, Mazzarella L, Pucci P, Sannia G: Mitochondrial bovine aspartate aminotransferase. Preliminary sequence and crystallographic data. FEBS Lett. 1979 May 15;101(2):351-4. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81042-x.
Pubmed: 446759
Du J, Zhou Y, Su X, Yu JJ, Khan S, Jiang H, Kim J, Woo J, Kim JH, Choi BH, He B, Chen W, Zhang S, Cerione RA, Auwerx J, Hao Q, Lin H: Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase. Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):806-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207861.
Pubmed: 22076378
Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F, Runswick MJ, Walker JE: Sequences of the human and bovine genes for the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier. DNA Seq. 1992;3(2):79-88.
Pubmed: 1457818
Runswick MJ, Walker JE, Bisaccia F, Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F: Sequence of the bovine 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein: structural relationship to other mitochondrial transport proteins. Biochemistry. 1990 Dec 18;29(50):11033-40. doi: 10.1021/bi00502a004.
Pubmed: 2271695
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000129
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings