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Pathway Description
Terpenoid Backbone Biosynthesis
Drosophila melanogaster
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2020-06-15
Last Updated: 2023-10-28
From glycolysis and the mevalonate pathway, diphosphomevalonic acid can be reacted with ATP to produce isopentenyl diphosphate which can be used in many reactions due to it's phosphate groups. Isopentenyl can be converted into geranyl pyrophosphate through two different paths, with one having an intermediate of dimethylallylpyrophosphate. Geranyl pyrophosphate itself can be used in monoterpenoid biosynthesis but more importantly, it can converted into (E,E)- farnesyl diphosphate through farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. With (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, many reactions can take place depending on the number of substrates are used and how many phosphate groups are to be transferred. The products from the reactions are usually substrates for other biosynthesis pathways like N-glycan biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis and ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis pathways. (E,E) farnesyl diphosphate can also be combined with a cysteine protein to make S-farnesyl protein. S-Farnesyl protein can have the c-terminal removed and then can be trans methylated by S-adenosylmethionine to eventually make farnesylcysteine. Through unknown processes farnesylcysteine can be converted can converted back to (E,E) farnesyl diphosphate, but not all the enzymes are known yet.
References
Terpenoid Backbone Biosynthesis References
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Pubmed: 10592173
Kanehisa M, Sato Y, Furumichi M, Morishima K, Tanabe M: New approach for understanding genome variations in KEGG. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D590-D595. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky962.
Pubmed: 30321428
Kanehisa M: Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms. Protein Sci. 2019 Nov;28(11):1947-1951. doi: 10.1002/pro.3715. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
Pubmed: 31441146
Blanden MJ: Efficient farnesylation of an extended C-terminal C(x)3X sequence motif expands the scope of the crenelated proteome. J Biol Chem. 2018 Feb; 293(8): 2770-2785.
IntAct, Complex: Protein farnesyltransferase complex. Saccharomyces Genome Database. 2020 June.
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Pubmed: 10731132
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Pubmed: 12537568
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Pubmed: 12537572
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