Reference/PubChem-compound 6022
type: UnificationXref
id: 6022
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PathWhiz PW002364
type: UnificationXref
id: PW002364
db: PathWhiz

Reference/PubChem-compound 923
type: UnificationXref
id: 923
db: PubChem-compound

Acetyl-CoA
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/BioCyc ACETYL-COA
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 444493
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001206
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 392413
xref: Reference/CAS 72-89-9
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15351
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00024
chemical formula: C23H38N7O17P3S
molecular weight: 809.1258
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000940

Reference/KEGG Compound C00318
type: UnificationXref
id: C00318
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/UniProt P06213
type: UnificationXref
id: P06213
db: UniProt

Reference/UniProt P06576
type: UnificationXref
id: P06576
db: UniProt

Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt Q9Y5U8

Reference/ChemSpider 937
type: UnificationXref
id: 937
db: ChemSpider

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3

Palmitic acid
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Extracellular Space
entity reference: Palmitic acid

direct_interaction
type: InteractionVocabulary

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma

Compound/Generic446 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: p
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/PubChem-compound 439153
type: UnificationXref
id: 439153
db: PubChem-compound

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
type: Protein
entity reference: Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2

ReactionCatalysis207083
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis207082
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis207081
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

Compound/PW C000147 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

ReactionCatalysis207080
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit a
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

L-Carnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Extracellular Space
entity reference: L-Carnitine

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16027
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:16027
db: ChEBI

Reference/BioCyc ATP
type: UnificationXref
id: ATP
db: BioCyc

Compound/PW C001051 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Hydrogen
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/PathWhiz PW000173
type: UnificationXref
id: PW000173
db: PathWhiz

Compound/PW C001420 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Water
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

L-Carnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: L-Carnitine

Reference/HMDB HMDB0002168
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0002168
db: HMDB

Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein
type: Protein
entity reference: Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein

Solute carrier family 22 member 5
type: Protein
entity reference: Solute carrier family 22 member 5

Reference/ChemSpider 559142
type: UnificationXref
id: 559142
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
name: SubPathwayActivator

Reference/UniProt P05023
type: UnificationXref
id: P05023
db: UniProt

Reference/PathWhiz PW000165
type: UnificationXref
id: PW000165
db: PathWhiz

Reference/BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY BTO 0000759
type: UnificationXref
id: BTO:0000759
db: BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY

Reference/UniProt P09622
type: UnificationXref
id: P09622
db: UniProt

Reference/UniProt P05026
type: UnificationXref
id: P05026
db: UniProt

Compound/PW C001104 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Phosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChemSpider 5742
type: UnificationXref
id: 5742
db: ChemSpider

Reference/KEGG Compound C02990
type: UnificationXref
id: C02990
db: KEGG Compound

Protein/5775 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/2.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Insulin
stoichiometric coefficient: 2.0

Reference/CAS 2280-44-6
type: UnificationXref
id: 2280-44-6
db: CAS

Reference/BioCyc ALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE
type: UnificationXref
id: ALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE
db: BioCyc

Sodium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium

Reference/BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY BTO 0000648
type: UnificationXref
id: BTO:0000648
db: BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY

Insulin receptor
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Insulin receptor

L-Carnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: L-Carnitine

Reference/ChemSpider 5858
type: UnificationXref
id: 5858
db: ChemSpider

Reference/CAS 2364-67-2
type: UnificationXref
id: 2364-67-2
db: CAS

Carbon dioxide
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Carbon dioxide

Reference/PubChem-compound 813
type: UnificationXref
id: 813
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/UniProt Q06055
type: UnificationXref
id: Q06055
db: UniProt

Sodium/potassium ATPase
type: Complex
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
component: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3

Reference/UniProt O15530
type: UnificationXref
id: O15530
db: UniProt

Acetyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
entity reference: Acetyl-CoA
name: SubPathwayOutput

Compound/PW C001034 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine diphosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18421
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:18421
db: ChEBI

ChemicalStructure/PW C001099
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2

ReactionCatalysis207079
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis207078
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis207077
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis207076
type: Catalysis
controller: ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
controlled: Reaction217455
control type: ACTIVATION

2.3.1.7
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000044 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000129 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000940 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Coenzyme A
right: L-Acetylcarnitine
spontaneous: false
EC number: 2.3.1.7
left: Acetyl-CoA
left: L-Carnitine
name: Acetyl-CoA + L-Carnitine ↔ Coenzyme A + L-Acetylcarnitine
conversion direction: REVERSIBLE

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1

Reference/BioCyc PPI
type: UnificationXref
id: PPI
db: BioCyc

Epithelial Cell
type: CellVocabulary
xref: Reference/CELL TYPE ONTOLOGY CL 0000066

Reference/KEGG Compound C00238
type: UnificationXref
id: C00238
db: KEGG Compound

Compound/PW C000414 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine triphosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Cytosol
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005829

Carnitine O-acetyltransferase
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P43155
organism: Homo sapiens

Compound/PW C000170 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Pyrophosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/SMPDB SMP0123295
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0123295
db: SMPDB

Compound/PW C000457 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/2.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Potassium
stoichiometric coefficient: 2.0

BiologicalState75
type: BioSource
cell type: Epithelial Cell
xref: Reference/TAXONOMY 9606
name: Homo sapiens, Intestine, Epithelial Cell
tissue: Intestine

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial

Reference/KEGG Compound C00009
type: UnificationXref
id: C00009
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/KEGG Compound C00008
type: UnificationXref
id: C00008
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/KEGG Compound C00249
type: UnificationXref
id: C00249
db: KEGG Compound

Coenzyme A
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: Coenzyme A

Compound/PW C000077 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: D-Glucose
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/BioCyc Phosphatidylinositols
type: UnificationXref
id: Phosphatidylinositols
db: BioCyc

Palmitoyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: Palmitoyl-CoA

Compound/PW C001144 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: NADH
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/CAS 24203-36-9
type: UnificationXref
id: 24203-36-9
db: CAS

Reference/KEGG Compound C00001
type: UnificationXref
id: C00001
db: KEGG Compound

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4

Reference/KEGG Compound C01330
type: UnificationXref
id: C01330
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18361
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:18361
db: ChEBI

NADH
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: NADH
name: SubPathwayOutput
name: SubPathwayInput

Transport53
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000458 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/3.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000458 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/3.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000457 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/2.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000457 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/2.0
right: Sodium
right: Potassium
spontaneous: false
left: Sodium
left: Potassium
name: Sodium (→), Potassium (←) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytosol to Homo sapiens, Extracellular Space
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/KEGG Compound C00004
type: UnificationXref
id: C00004
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18367
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:18367
db: ChEBI

Reference/KEGG Compound C00003
type: UnificationXref
id: C00003
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChemSpider 1032
type: UnificationXref
id: 1032
db: ChemSpider

SubPathwayInteraction114155
type: Interaction
name: SubPathwayReaction
name: SubPathway114155Reaction
participant: Acetyl-CoA
participant: NADH

Reference/KEGG Compound C00002
type: UnificationXref
id: C00002
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChemSpider 1031
type: UnificationXref
id: 1031
db: ChemSpider

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1

Transport13620
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000044 Cytoplasm/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000044 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: L-Carnitine
spontaneous: false
left: L-Carnitine
name: L-Carnitine (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Extracellular Space to Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytoplasm
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Protein/53 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
stoichiometric coefficient: 60.0

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Coenzyme A
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Coenzyme A

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4
type: Protein
entity reference: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4

Intestine
type: TissueVocabulary
xref: Reference/BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY BTO 0000648

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005743

Potassium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Potassium

Insulin receptor
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Insulin receptor
name: SubPathwayActivator

PIP3(16:0/16:0)
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/BioCyc Phosphatidylinositols
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00626
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0010147
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 24768024
chemical formula: C41H82O22P4
molecular weight: 1050.4248
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C006188

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide

Coenzyme A
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Coenzyme A

Pyruvic acid
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Pyruvic acid
name: SubPathwayOutput

Reference/UniProt P54710
type: UnificationXref
id: P54710
db: UniProt

NAD
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15846
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000902
xref: Reference/CAS 53-84-9
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00003
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 5893
xref: Reference/BioCyc NAD
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 5682
chemical formula: C21H27N7O14P2
molecular weight: 663.10913
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000721

Compound/PW C001316 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Carbon dioxide
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial

Reference/KEGG Compound C00011
type: UnificationXref
id: C00011
db: KEGG Compound

Transport10348
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000353 sarcoplasmic reticulum/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000353 Cytoplasm/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Calcium
spontaneous: false
left: Calcium
name: Calcium (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytoplasm to Homo sapiens, sarcoplasmic reticulum
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/KEGG Compound C00010
type: UnificationXref
id: C00010
db: KEGG Compound

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000902
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000902
db: HMDB

SubPathwayInteraction116360
type: Interaction
name: SubPathway116360Reaction
name: SubPathwayReaction
participant: Superoxide
participant: NADH

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 73024
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:73024
db: ChEBI

Reference/KEGG Compound C00013
type: UnificationXref
id: C00013
db: KEGG Compound

Extracellular Space
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005615

Transport11314
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
spontaneous: true
left: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine (↔) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space to Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytosol
conversion direction: REVERSIBLE

Reference/PubChem-compound 1
type: UnificationXref
id: 1
db: PubChem-compound

Sodium/potassium ATPase
type: Complex
cellular location: Cell Membrane
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
component: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1

Reference/CAS 14127-61-8
type: UnificationXref
id: 14127-61-8
db: CAS

Reference/UniProt Q13733
type: UnificationXref
id: Q13733
db: UniProt

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P11177
organism: Homo sapiens

Adenosine triphosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: Adenosine triphosphate

Reference/BioCyc CARNITINE
type: UnificationXref
id: CARNITINE
db: BioCyc

Protein/1971 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/KEGG Compound C00022
type: UnificationXref
id: C00022
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/CAS 56-65-5
type: UnificationXref
id: 56-65-5
db: CAS

Reference/KEGG Compound C00020
type: UnificationXref
id: C00020
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/CAS 53-84-9
type: UnificationXref
id: 53-84-9
db: CAS

Transport11301
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000145/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000145 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Palmitic acid
spontaneous: false
left: Palmitic acid
name: Palmitic acid (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Extracellular Space to Homo sapiens, Cell
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Transport11302
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
spontaneous: false
left: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space to Homo sapiens, Liver, Mitochondrial Matrix
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/KEGG Compound C00024
type: UnificationXref
id: C00024
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/UniProt P31749
type: UnificationXref
id: P31749
db: UniProt

Sodium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Extracellular Space
entity reference: Sodium

Reference/KEGG Compound C02571
type: UnificationXref
id: C02571
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 17490
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:17490
db: ChEBI

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29108
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:29108
db: ChEBI

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29101
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:29101
db: ChEBI

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29103
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:29103
db: ChEBI

Reference/KEGG Compound C00154
type: UnificationXref
id: C00154
db: KEGG Compound

Activation of peroxisomal FA Ooxidation
type: Pathway
pathway order: SubPathwayInteractionSteps/SubPathway113869
pathway component: SubPathwayInteraction113869
name: SubPathway

Reference/KEGG Compound C00031
type: UnificationXref
id: C00031
db: KEGG Compound

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P50416
organism: Homo sapiens

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P23786
organism: BiologicalState6

Transport1
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000164 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000164 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Pyruvic acid
spontaneous: false
left: Pyruvic acid
name: Pyruvic acid (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytosol to Homo sapiens, Cell, Mitochondrial Matrix
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/ChemSpider 899
type: UnificationXref
id: 899
db: ChemSpider

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18276
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:18276
db: ChEBI

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P33121
organism: Homo sapiens

ChemicalStructure/PW C001144
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Reference/BioCyc AMP
type: UnificationXref
id: AMP
db: BioCyc

Reference/KEGG Compound C00282
type: UnificationXref
id: C00282
db: KEGG Compound

D-Glucose
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: D-Glucose
name: SubPathwayInput

Reference/UniProt Q6PCB7
type: UnificationXref
id: Q6PCB7
db: UniProt

Adenosine triphosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Adenosine triphosphate

TCA Cycle
type: Pathway
pathway order: SubPathwayInteractionSteps/SubPathway114155
pathway component: SubPathwayInteraction114155
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW002364
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0002296
name: SubPathway

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000250
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000250
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C000170
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O

Potassium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Extracellular Space
entity reference: Potassium

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001341
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001341
db: HMDB

Reference/BioCyc K+
type: UnificationXref
id: K%2b
db: BioCyc

Water
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Water

L-Acetylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: L-Acetylcarnitine

Reference/ChemSpider 24768024
type: UnificationXref
id: 24768024
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C000044 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Carnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/UniProt P54709
type: UnificationXref
id: P54709
db: UniProt

ChemicalStructure/PW C001034
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

ChemicalStructure/PW C001031
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Reference/ChemSpider 762
type: UnificationXref
id: 762
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C001034 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine diphosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1
type: Complex
component stoichiometry: Protein/303 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/6.0
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
component: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform

Reference/CAS 17341-25-2
type: UnificationXref
id: 17341-25-2
db: CAS

ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial

Potassium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Potassium

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1

ATP synthase subunit a
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit a

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P67775
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/CAS 7732-18-5
type: UnificationXref
id: 7732-18-5
db: CAS

Reference/CAS 61-19-8
type: UnificationXref
id: 61-19-8
db: CAS

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001487
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001487
db: HMDB

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3

ChemicalStructure/PW C000032
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial

Pyruvic acid
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Pyruvic acid

Reference/ChemSpider 791
type: UnificationXref
id: 791
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Coenzyme A
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/CAS 57-10-3
type: UnificationXref
id: 57-10-3
db: CAS

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001362
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001362
db: HMDB

Reference/UniProt O43772
type: UnificationXref
id: O43772
db: UniProt

Protein/52 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/24.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
stoichiometric coefficient: 24.0

Adenosine triphosphate
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15422
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 5957
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000538
xref: Reference/CAS 56-65-5
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 5742
xref: Reference/BioCyc ATP
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00002
chemical formula: C10H16N5O13P3
molecular weight: 506.99576
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000414

Palmitoyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Palmitoyl-CoA
name: SubPathwayInput

Compound/PW C000077 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: D-Glucose
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1

NAD
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: NAD

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
type: Protein
cellular location: Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
entity reference: Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2

ChemicalStructure/PW C000044
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000045
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000045
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C000164
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: CC(=O)C(O)=O

Compound/PW C000129 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Acetylcarnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1
type: Protein
entity reference: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1

Reference/PubChem-compound 962
type: UnificationXref
id: 962
db: PubChem-compound

Compound/PW C001031 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitoyl-CoA
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChemSpider 5800
type: UnificationXref
id: 5800
db: ChemSpider

Reference/BioCyc (-)o-acetylcarnitine
type: UnificationXref
id: (-)o-acetylcarnitine
db: BioCyc

Reference/UniProt P16615
type: UnificationXref
id: P16615
db: UniProt

Reference/KEGG Compound C00076
type: UnificationXref
id: C00076
db: KEGG Compound

Carbon dioxide
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 280
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16526
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 274
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001967
xref: Reference/CAS 124-38-9
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00011
chemical formula: CO2
molecular weight: 43.98983
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001316

Sodium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium

Reference/PathWhiz PW124646
type: UnificationXref
id: PW124646
db: PathWhiz

Reference/UniProt P50416
type: UnificationXref
id: P50416
db: UniProt

Reference/UniProt P14672
type: UnificationXref
id: P14672
db: UniProt

Compound/PW C000145/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitic acid
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/UniProt Q9Y5U8
type: UnificationXref
id: Q9Y5U8
db: UniProt

Calcium
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000464
xref: Reference/BioCyc CA+2
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 266
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29108
xref: Reference/CAS 14127-61-8
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00076
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 271
chemical formula: Ca
molecular weight: 39.96259
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000353

BiologicalState6
type: BioSource
xref: Reference/TAXONOMY 9606
name: Homo sapiens, Liver
tissue: Liver

Reference/HMDB HMDB0002111
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0002111
db: HMDB

ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial

Reference/CAS 14265-44-2
type: UnificationXref
id: 14265-44-2
db: CAS

Reference/BioCyc PYRUVATE
type: UnificationXref
id: PYRUVATE
db: BioCyc

p
type: SmallMoleculeReference

Reference/CAS 58-64-0
type: UnificationXref
id: 58-64-0
db: CAS

AKT signaling pathway
type: Pathway
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW109148
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0108107
name: ActivatingSubPathway

3.6.3.9
type: TransportWithBiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000457 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/2.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000458 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/3.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001104 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000414 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001034 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001420 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Adenosine diphosphate
right: Phosphate
right: Sodium
right: Potassium
spontaneous: false
EC number: 3.6.3.9
left: Sodium
left: Adenosine triphosphate
left: Water
left: Potassium
name: Adenosine triphosphate + 2 Potassium + 3 Sodium + Water → Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + 2 Potassium + 3 Sodium
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/ChemSpider 960
type: UnificationXref
id: 960
db: ChemSpider

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 4167
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:4167
db: ChEBI

Reference/UniProt P11177
type: UnificationXref
id: P11177
db: UniProt

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000062
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000062
db: HMDB

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Reference/PathWhiz PW109148
type: UnificationXref
id: PW109148
db: PathWhiz

Reference/PubChem-compound 985
type: UnificationXref
id: 985
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 644102
type: UnificationXref
id: 644102
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 444493
type: UnificationXref
id: 444493
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 6083
type: UnificationXref
id: 6083
db: PubChem-compound

Superoxide
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: Superoxide
name: SubPathwayOutput

Insulin receptor
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P06213
organism: Homo sapiens

ChemicalStructure/PW C000077
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Reference/BioCyc ACETYL-COA
type: UnificationXref
id: ACETYL-COA
db: BioCyc

Water
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 962
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15377
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00001
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 937
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0002111
xref: Reference/CAS 7732-18-5
chemical formula: H2O
molecular weight: 18.010565
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001420

Reference/UniProt P50993
type: UnificationXref
id: P50993
db: UniProt

Reference/BioCyc NADH
type: UnificationXref
id: NADH
db: BioCyc

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2

Reference/BioCyc NAD
type: UnificationXref
id: NAD
db: BioCyc

ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial

Sodium
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000588
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 923
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C01330
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29101
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 899
xref: Reference/CAS 17341-25-2
chemical formula: Na
molecular weight: 22.989769
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000458

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P50993
organism: BiologicalState75

Potassium
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00238
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000586
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 813
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 791
xref: Reference/CAS 24203-36-9
xref: Reference/BioCyc K+
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 29103
chemical formula: K
molecular weight: 38.963707
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000457

Acetyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Acetyl-CoA
name: SubPathwayInput

Reference/PubChem-compound 11953816
type: UnificationXref
id: 11953816
db: PubChem-compound

Compound/PW C000353 Cytoplasm/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Calcium
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

ChemicalStructure/PW C001051
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: [H][H]

Transport226
type: Transport
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000077 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000077 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: D-Glucose
spontaneous: false
left: D-Glucose
name: D-Glucose (→) Transport: Homo sapiens, Extracellular Space to Homo sapiens, Cell, Cytosol
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Compound/PW C000457 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/2.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Potassium
stoichiometric coefficient: 2.0

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P13637
organism: BiologicalState75

Carnitine O-acetyltransferase
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Carnitine O-acetyltransferase

ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P24539
organism: Homo sapiens

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000222
xref: Reference/CAS 2364-67-2
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 11953816
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 17490
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 10128117
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C02990
xref: Reference/BioCyc CPD-419
chemical formula: C23H45NO4
molecular weight: 399.33487
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000147

TransportCatalysis2419
type: Catalysis
controller: Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein
controlled: Transport11302
control type: ACTIVATION

TransportCatalysis2418
type: Catalysis
controller: Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1
controlled: Transport11301
control type: ACTIVATION

Adenosine monophosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Adenosine monophosphate

Insulin Signalling
type: Pathway
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0000391
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW000454
name: ActivatingSubPathway

ChemicalStructure/PW C001420
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: O

Reference/UniProt P36542
type: UnificationXref
id: P36542
db: UniProt

Adenosine monophosphate
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/CAS 61-19-8
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 5858
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000045
xref: Reference/BioCyc AMP
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16027
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 6083
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00020
chemical formula: C10H14N5O7P
molecular weight: 347.06308
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000032

Reference/BioCyc CPD-419
type: UnificationXref
id: CPD-419
db: BioCyc

Reference/PubChem-compound 58838673
type: UnificationXref
id: 58838673
db: PubChem-compound

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt O15530
organism: Homo sapiens

TransportCatalysis4721
type: Catalysis
controller: Solute carrier family 22 member 5
controlled: Transport13620
control type: ACTIVATION

SubPathwayControl116361
type: Interaction
name: SubPathway116361Control
name: ActivatingSubPathwayControl
participant: Insulin Signalling
participant: Insulin receptor
participant: PIP3(16:0/16:0)

SubPathwayControl116362
type: Interaction
name: SubPathway116362Control
name: ActivatingSubPathwayControl
participant: AKT signaling pathway
participant: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000538
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000538
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C000458
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: [Na+]

Insulin
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Insulin

ChemicalStructure/PW C000457
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: [K+]

TransportCatalysis6
type: Catalysis
controller: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1
controlled: Transport1
control type: ACTIVATION

Reference/ChemSpider 4514331
type: UnificationXref
id: 4514331
db: ChemSpider

Reference/PubChem-compound 5359597
type: UnificationXref
id: 5359597
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 6816
type: UnificationXref
id: 6816
db: PubChem-compound

Glycolysis
type: Pathway
pathway order: SubPathwayInteractionSteps/SubPathway113871
pathway component: SubPathwayInteraction113871
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0000040
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW000146
name: SubPathway

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15846
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15846
db: ChEBI

Reaction174569
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Protein/1292 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Protein/1328 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/Generic446 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Protein/1971 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform
right: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
spontaneous: false
left: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
left: p
left: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
name: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 + RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase + p ↔ AKT1_phosphate-phosphate complex + PPP2CA
conversion direction: REVERSIBLE

L-Carnitine
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/BioCyc CARNITINE
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16347
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 10917
xref: Reference/CAS 541-15-1
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00318
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000062
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 10455
chemical formula: C7H15NO3
molecular weight: 161.1052
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000044

Reference/BioCyc ADP
type: UnificationXref
id: ADP
db: BioCyc

Pyruvic acid
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 1060
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000243
xref: Reference/CAS 127-17-3
xref: Reference/BioCyc PYRUVATE
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00022
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 32816
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 1031
chemical formula: C3H4O3
molecular weight: 88.016045
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000164

Reference/BioCyc PALMITYL-COA
type: UnificationXref
id: PALMITYL-COA
db: BioCyc

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0016529
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0016529
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

L-Acetylcarnitine
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/CAS 3040-38-8
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 1
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 21243783
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000201
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C02571
xref: Reference/BioCyc (-)o-acetylcarnitine
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 73024
chemical formula: C9H17NO4
molecular weight: 203.11575
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000129

Reference/CELL TYPE ONTOLOGY CL 0000066
type: UnificationXref
id: CL:0000066
db: CELL TYPE ONTOLOGY

Superoxide
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 4514331
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0002168
xref: Reference/CAS 11062-77-4
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 5359597
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00704
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18421
chemical formula: O2
molecular weight: 31.98983
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001457

ReactionCatalysis290
type: Catalysis
controller: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial
controlled: 2.3.1.21
control type: ACTIVATION

Reference/UniProt P14415
type: UnificationXref
id: P14415
db: UniProt

Compound/PW C000145 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitic acid
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005829
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005829
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Reference/ChemSpider 274
type: UnificationXref
id: 274
db: ChemSpider

6.2.1.3
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001031 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001099 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000414 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000145 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000032 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000170 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Adenosine monophosphate
right: Palmitoyl-CoA
right: Pyrophosphate
spontaneous: false
EC number: 6.2.1.3
left: Adenosine triphosphate
left: Coenzyme A
left: Palmitic acid
name: Adenosine triphosphate + Coenzyme A + Palmitic acid → Adenosine monophosphate + Palmitoyl-CoA + Pyrophosphate
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Sodium/potassium ATPase
type: Complex
cellular location: Cytosol
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
component: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
component: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2

2.3.1.21
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000044 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000044 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001031 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001031 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
right: Coenzyme A
spontaneous: false
EC number: 2.3.1.21
left: L-Carnitine
left: Palmitoyl-CoA
name: L-Carnitine + Palmitoyl-CoA ↔ Coenzyme A + L-Palmitoylcarnitine
conversion direction: REVERSIBLE

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16908
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:16908
db: ChEBI

ReactionCatalysis1101
type: Catalysis
controller: Carnitine O-acetyltransferase
controlled: 2.3.1.7
control type: ACTIVATION

ReactionCatalysis289
type: Catalysis
controller: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1
controlled: 2.3.1.21
control type: ACTIVATION

ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt B7ZKV8
organism: BiologicalState75

Phosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Phosphate

ReactionCatalysis288
type: Catalysis
controller: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
controlled: 6.2.1.3
control type: ACTIVATION

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
type: Complex
component stoichiometry: Protein/52 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/24.0
component stoichiometry: Protein/12 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
component stoichiometry: Protein/53 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
component stoichiometry: Protein/44 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
component: Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
component: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
component: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
component: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial

Pyrophosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Pyrophosphate

Compound/PW C000044 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Carnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial

Phosphate
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00009
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 1061
xref: Reference/CAS 14265-44-2
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001429
xref: Reference/BioCyc CPD-8587
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18367
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 1032
chemical formula: H3O4P
molecular weight: 97.9769
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001104

Compound/PW C001031 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitoyl-CoA
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P25705
organism: Homo sapiens

Interaction369
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: Insulin activates Insulin receptor
participant: Insulin
participant: Insulin receptor

Interaction3517
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
participant: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
participant: ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial

Interaction3518
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: PIP3(16:0/16:0) activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
participant: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
participant: PIP3(16:0/16:0)

Reference/CAS 3040-38-8
type: UnificationXref
id: 3040-38-8
db: CAS

Interaction3519
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
participant: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
participant: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000201
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000201
db: HMDB

Palmitic acid
type: SmallMolecule
entity reference: Palmitic acid

Interaction3513
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
participant: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
participant: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Reference/ChemSpider 266
type: UnificationXref
id: 266
db: ChemSpider

Interaction3514
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits Sodium/potassium ATPase
participant: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
participant: Sodium/potassium ATPase

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma

Interaction3515
type: MolecularInteraction
interaction type: direct_interaction
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
participant: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
participant: Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2

Palmitic acid
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 985
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00249
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 960
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15756
xref: Reference/BioCyc CPD-8475
xref: Reference/CAS 57-10-3
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000220
chemical formula: C16H32O2
molecular weight: 256.24023
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000145

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4

Reference/UniProt P56381
type: UnificationXref
id: P56381
db: UniProt

Reference/SMPDB SMP0002296
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0002296
db: SMPDB

Compound/PW C000458 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/3.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Sodium
stoichiometric coefficient: 3.0

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15525
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15525
db: ChEBI

Reference/CAS 541-15-1
type: UnificationXref
id: 541-15-1
db: CAS

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P54710
organism: BiologicalState75

ChemicalStructure/PW C000129
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: CC(=O)O[C@H](CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

ChemicalStructure/PW C001457
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: [O][O-]

Reference/CAS 58-68-4
type: UnificationXref
id: 58-68-4
db: CAS

Protein/1292 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/SMPDB SMP0000040
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0000040
db: SMPDB

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001423
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001423
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C001104
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: OP(O)(O)=O

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
entity reference: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform

sarcoplasmic reticulum
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0016529

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005886
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005886
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

SubPathwayInteraction113867
type: Interaction
name: SubPathway113867Reaction
name: SubPathwayReaction
participant: Palmitoyl-CoA
participant: Acetyl-CoA

Reference/CAS 124-38-9
type: UnificationXref
id: 124-38-9
db: CAS

SubPathwayInteraction113869
type: Interaction
name: SubPathway113869Reaction
name: SubPathwayReaction
participant: Palmitic acid
participant: Palmitoyl-CoA

D-Glucose
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000122
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 5793
xref: Reference/CAS 2280-44-6
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 5589
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 4167
xref: Reference/BioCyc GLC
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00031
chemical formula: C6H12O6
molecular weight: 180.06339
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000077

Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
type: Pathway
pathway order: SubPathwayInteractionSteps/SubPathway116360
pathway component: SubPathwayInteraction116360
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW000165
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0000355
name: SubPathway

PIP3(16:0/16:0)
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: PIP3(16:0/16:0)
name: SubPathwayActivation

ReactionCatalysis69
type: Catalysis
controller: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
controlled: 1.2.4.1
control type: ACTIVATION

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P54709
organism: BiologicalState75

Reference/SMPDB SMP0108107
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0108107
db: SMPDB

Compound/PW C000353 sarcoplasmic reticulum/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Calcium
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/BioCyc GLC
type: UnificationXref
id: GLC
db: BioCyc

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001429
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001429
db: HMDB

Compound/PW C000147 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Palmitoylcarnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Compound/PW C000414 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine triphosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P16615

Reference/HMDB HMDB0010147
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0010147
db: HMDB

Reference/CAS 1763-10-6
type: UnificationXref
id: 1763-10-6
db: CAS

ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P06576
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/UniProt P13637
type: UnificationXref
id: P13637
db: UniProt

Liver
type: TissueVocabulary
xref: Reference/BRENDA TISSUE ONTOLOGY BTO 0000759

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000222
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000222
db: HMDB

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000464
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000464
db: HMDB

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000586
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000586
db: HMDB

Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
type: Pathway
pathway order: SubPathwayInteractionSteps/SubPathway113867
pathway component: SubPathwayInteraction113867
xref: Reference/PathWhiz PW000173
xref: Reference/SMPDB SMP0000482
name: SubPathway

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005758
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005758
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

ChemicalStructure/PW C000147
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

Reference/UniProt P23786
type: UnificationXref
id: P23786
db: UniProt

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005759
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005759
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000588
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000588
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C000145
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O

Compound/PW C000164 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Pyruvic acid
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Calcium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: sarcoplasmic reticulum
entity reference: Calcium

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000220
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000220
db: HMDB

Hydrogen
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 58838673
xref: Reference/CAS 1333-74-0
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 762
xref: Reference/BioCyc ALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00282
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001362
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18276
chemical formula: H2
molecular weight: 2.01565
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001051

Adenosine diphosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: Adenosine diphosphate

Solute carrier family 22 member 5
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt O76082

Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt O43772

ChemicalStructure/PW C001316
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: O=C=O

ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P56381
organism: Homo sapiens

ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P36542
organism: Homo sapiens

Pyrophosphate
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 644102
xref: Reference/BioCyc PPI
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 559142
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 18361
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0000250
xref: Reference/CAS 14000-31-8
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00013
chemical formula: H4O7P2
molecular weight: 177.94322
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C000170

Reference/UniProt P01308
type: UnificationXref
id: P01308
db: UniProt

NADH
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001487
xref: Reference/CAS 58-68-4
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 439153
xref: Reference/BioCyc NADH
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 388299
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00004
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16908
chemical formula: C21H29N7O14P2
molecular weight: 665.12476
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001144

Insulin
type: Complex
component stoichiometry: Protein/5775 Cell Membrane/Stoichiometry/2.0
cellular location: Cell Membrane
component: Insulin

Reference/PubChem-compound 5957
type: UnificationXref
id: 5957
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001206
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001206
db: HMDB

ChemicalStructure/PW C000353
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES
structure data: [Ca++]

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005743
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005743
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Compound/PW C000414 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine triphosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial

Reference/KEGG Compound C00704
type: UnificationXref
id: C00704
db: KEGG Compound

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15756
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15756
db: ChEBI

Palmitoyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Palmitoyl-CoA

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Palmitoyl-CoA
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 15667
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 14902
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001338
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15525
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00154
xref: Reference/CAS 1763-10-6
xref: Reference/BioCyc PALMITYL-COA
chemical formula: C37H66N7O17P3S
molecular weight: 1005.34485
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001031

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000122
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000122
db: HMDB

Reference/HMDB HMDB0000243
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0000243
db: HMDB

Reference/UniProt P24539
type: UnificationXref
id: P24539
db: UniProt

SubPathwayInteraction113871
type: Interaction
name: SubPathwayReaction
name: SubPathway113871Reaction
participant: Pyruvic acid
participant: D-Glucose

Reference/UniProt P43155
type: UnificationXref
id: P43155
db: UniProt

Adenosine triphosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Adenosine triphosphate

Reference/UniProt O76082
type: UnificationXref
id: O76082
db: UniProt

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005615
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005615
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Protein/12 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
stoichiometric coefficient: 60.0

Adenosine diphosphate
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00008
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 6022
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 5800
xref: Reference/CAS 58-64-0
xref: Reference/BioCyc ADP
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16761
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001341
chemical formula: C10H15N5O10P2
molecular weight: 427.02942
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001034

Compound/PW C000940 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Acetyl-CoA
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005737
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005737
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Palmitoyl-CoA
type: SmallMolecule
entity reference: Palmitoyl-CoA
name: SubPathwayInput

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001338
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001338
db: HMDB

Reference/UniProt P33121
type: UnificationXref
id: P33121
db: UniProt

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1

Compound/PW C000458 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/3.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Sodium
stoichiometric coefficient: 3.0

Reference/UniProt P30049
type: UnificationXref
id: P30049
db: UniProt

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P05026
organism: BiologicalState75

Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005789

ChemicalStructure/PW C000721
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Reference/BioCyc CPD-8587
type: UnificationXref
id: CPD-8587
db: BioCyc

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P14415
organism: BiologicalState75

Reference/UniProt B7ZKV8
type: UnificationXref
id: B7ZKV8
db: UniProt

Compound/PW C001031 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitoyl-CoA
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChemSpider 5682
type: UnificationXref
id: 5682
db: ChemSpider

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 1146900
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:1146900
db: ChEBI

Calcium
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytoplasm
entity reference: Calcium

Mitochondrial Matrix
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005759

Reference/CAS 14000-31-8
type: UnificationXref
id: 14000-31-8
db: CAS

D-Glucose
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Extracellular Space
entity reference: D-Glucose

1.2.4.1
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000940 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001316 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000721 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001144 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000164 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Acetyl-CoA
right: Carbon dioxide
right: NADH
spontaneous: false
EC number: 1.2.4.1
left: Pyruvic acid
left: Coenzyme A
left: NAD
name: Coenzyme A + NAD + Pyruvic acid → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADH
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Reference/SMPDB SMP0000482
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0000482
db: SMPDB

Compound/PW C000458 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/3.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Sodium
stoichiometric coefficient: 3.0

p
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: p

Reference/BioCyc CO-A
type: UnificationXref
id: CO-A
db: BioCyc

Compound/PW C000457 Extracellular Space/Stoichiometry/2.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Potassium
stoichiometric coefficient: 2.0

Reference/PathWhiz PW000454
type: UnificationXref
id: PW000454
db: PathWhiz

Reference/BioCyc CPD-8475
type: UnificationXref
id: CPD-8475
db: BioCyc

TransportCatalysis23
type: Catalysis
controller: Sodium/potassium ATPase
controlled: Transport53
control type: ACTIVATION

Reference/CAS 72-89-9
type: UnificationXref
id: 72-89-9
db: CAS

Coenzyme A
type: SmallMoleculeReference
xref: Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 1146900
xref: Reference/HMDB HMDB0001423
xref: Reference/PubChem-compound 6816
xref: Reference/BioCyc CO-A
xref: Reference/ChemSpider 6557
xref: Reference/CAS 85-61-0
xref: Reference/KEGG Compound C00010
chemical formula: C21H36N7O16P3S
molecular weight: 767.11523
structure: ChemicalStructure/PW C001099

Reference/PubChem-compound 10917
type: UnificationXref
id: 10917
db: PubChem-compound

Compound/PW C000044 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Carnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P31749
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/ChemSpider 10128117
type: UnificationXref
id: 10128117
db: ChemSpider

Cytoplasm
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005737

ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial

Compound/PW C000032 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Adenosine monophosphate
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChemSpider 10455
type: UnificationXref
id: 10455
db: ChemSpider

Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1
type: Protein
entity reference: Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1

TransportCatalysis186
type: Catalysis
controller: Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4
controlled: Transport226
control type: ACTIVATION

Reference/ChemSpider 14902
type: UnificationXref
id: 14902
db: ChemSpider

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P08559
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15422
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15422
db: ChEBI

ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide

Reference/ChemSpider 5589
type: UnificationXref
id: 5589
db: ChemSpider

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt Q13733
organism: BiologicalState75

Reference/ChemSpider 6557
type: UnificationXref
id: 6557
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C000721 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: NAD
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Homo sapiens
type: BioSource
xref: Reference/TAXONOMY 9606

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2

Insulin
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P01308
organism: Homo sapiens

ChemicalStructure/PW C000940
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Reference/ChemSpider 388299
type: UnificationXref
id: 388299
db: ChemSpider

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P14672

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P05023
organism: BiologicalState75

Reference/CAS 11062-77-4
type: UnificationXref
id: 11062-77-4
db: CAS

Reference/CAS 127-17-3
type: UnificationXref
id: 127-17-3
db: CAS

Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005789
type: UnificationXref
id: GO:0005789
db: GENE ONTOLOGY

Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P10515
organism: Homo sapiens

Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P09622
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16526
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:16526
db: ChEBI

Reference/KEGG Compound C00626
type: UnificationXref
id: C00626
db: KEGG Compound

Reaction217455
type: BiochemicalReaction
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C000414 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001034 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
participant stoichiometry: Compound/PW C001051 Mitochondrial Inner Membrane/Stoichiometry/1.0
right: Adenosine triphosphate
right: Hydrogen
spontaneous: false
left: Adenosine diphosphate
left: Hydrogen
name: Adenosine diphosphate + Hydrogen → Adenosine triphosphate + Hydrogen
conversion direction: LEFT_TO_RIGHT

Hydrogen
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: Hydrogen

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16761
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:16761
db: ChEBI

TransportCatalysis1517
type: Catalysis
controller: Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
controlled: Transport10348
control type: ACTIVATION

ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt Q06055
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/UniProt P25705
type: UnificationXref
id: P25705
db: UniProt

Reference/SMPDB SMP0000391
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0000391
db: SMPDB

ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P30049
organism: Homo sapiens

Palmitic acid
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Palmitic acid
name: SubPathwayInput

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3

Compound/PW C000145 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Palmitic acid
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/TAXONOMY 9606
type: UnificationXref
id: 9606
db: TAXONOMY

Reference/CAS 1333-74-0
type: UnificationXref
id: 1333-74-0
db: CAS

Protein/1328 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/UniProt P08559
type: UnificationXref
id: P08559
db: UniProt

Reference/ChemSpider 392413
type: UnificationXref
id: 392413
db: ChemSpider

Reference/PathWhiz PW000146
type: UnificationXref
id: PW000146
db: PathWhiz

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

Reference/PubChem-compound 5893
type: UnificationXref
id: 5893
db: PubChem-compound

ATP synthase subunit a
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt P00846
organism: Homo sapiens

Reference/UniProt P10515
type: UnificationXref
id: P10515
db: UniProt

Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1
type: ProteinReference
xref: Reference/UniProt Q6PCB7

Reference/BioCyc CA+2
type: UnificationXref
id: CA%2b2
db: BioCyc

Reference/UniProt P67775
type: UnificationXref
id: P67775
db: UniProt

Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005758

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 32816
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:32816
db: ChEBI

L-Palmitoylcarnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
entity reference: L-Palmitoylcarnitine

Cell Membrane
type: CellularLocationVocabulary
xref: Reference/GENE ONTOLOGY GO 0005886

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15377
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15377
db: ChEBI

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 16347
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:16347
db: ChEBI

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2

ChemicalStructure/PW C000414
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES

Protein/44 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/60.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
stoichiometric coefficient: 60.0

Reference/PubChem-compound 271
type: UnificationXref
id: 271
db: PubChem-compound

ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
entity reference: ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial

Reference/UniProt P00846
type: UnificationXref
id: P00846
db: UniProt

Reference/PubChem-compound 280
type: UnificationXref
id: 280
db: PubChem-compound

Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
type: Protein
cellular location: Mitochondrial Matrix
entity reference: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Reference/PubChem-compound 5793
type: UnificationXref
id: 5793
db: PubChem-compound

ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide
type: Protein
entity reference: ATPase, (Na+)/K+ transporting, beta 4 polypeptide

L-Carnitine
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cytoplasm
entity reference: L-Carnitine

Long-Chain Acylcarnitine-induced lipotoxicity: targets for treatment
type: Pathway
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/369
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/113867
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/113869
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498240
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468049
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468047
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2468029
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498246
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498241
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/116362
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2468045
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/116360
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2468043
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/116361
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2498830
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/113871
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468038
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468036
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2472776
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498234
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3519
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2468030
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498235
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3518
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498236
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3517
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468042
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498237
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498831
pathway order: PathwayTransport/2468041
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3515
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3514
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2468031
pathway order: PathwayInteraction/3513
pathway order: PathwaySubPathway/114155
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498238
pathway order: PathwayEnzymeReaction/2498239
pathway component: Activation of peroxisomal FA Ooxidation
pathway component: TransportCatalysis2419
pathway component: Transport1
pathway component: TransportCatalysis2418
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207083
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207082
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207081
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207080
pathway component: TCA Cycle
pathway component: Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
pathway component: 1.2.4.1
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis69
pathway component: TransportCatalysis4721
pathway component: SubPathwayControl116361
pathway component: SubPathwayControl116362
pathway component: TransportCatalysis23
pathway component: 3.6.3.9
pathway component: TransportCatalysis6
pathway component: Transport53
pathway component: Transport13620
pathway component: Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
pathway component: Glycolysis
pathway component: Reaction174569
pathway component: TransportCatalysis186
pathway component: Transport10348
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis290
pathway component: Transport11314
pathway component: 6.2.1.3
pathway component: 2.3.1.21
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis1101
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis289
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis288
pathway component: ReactionCoupledTransportCatalysis39
pathway component: Reaction217455
pathway component: Interaction369
pathway component: Transport11301
pathway component: Transport11302
pathway component: TransportCatalysis1517
pathway component: Interaction3517
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207079
pathway component: Interaction3518
pathway component: ReactionCatalysis207078

Protein/303 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/6.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform
stoichiometric coefficient: 6.0

Compound/PW C001099 Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Coenzyme A
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChemSpider 21243783
type: UnificationXref
id: 21243783
db: ChemSpider

Compound/PW C001099 Cytosol/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Coenzyme A
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/PubChem-compound 15667
type: UnificationXref
id: 15667
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 1060
type: UnificationXref
id: 1060
db: PubChem-compound

Reference/PubChem-compound 1061
type: UnificationXref
id: 1061
db: PubChem-compound

ReactionCoupledTransportCatalysis39
type: Catalysis
controller: Sodium/potassium ATPase
controlled: 3.6.3.9
control type: ACTIVATION

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
type: Protein
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4

Reference/HMDB HMDB0001967
type: UnificationXref
id: HMDB0001967
db: HMDB

Compound/PW C000164 Mitochondrial Matrix/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: Pyruvic acid
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Reference/ChEBI CHEBI 15351
type: UnificationXref
id: CHEBI:15351
db: ChEBI

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
type: Protein
cellular location: Cytosol
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2

Compound/PW C000044 Cytoplasm/Stoichiometry/1.0
type: Stoichiometry
physical entity: L-Carnitine
stoichiometric coefficient: 1.0

Adenosine diphosphate
type: SmallMolecule
cellular location: Cell Membrane
entity reference: Adenosine diphosphate

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
type: Protein
entity reference: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma

Reference/SMPDB SMP0000355
type: UnificationXref
id: SMP0000355
db: SMPDB

Reference/CAS 85-61-0
type: UnificationXref
id: 85-61-0
db: CAS

ChemicalStructure/PW C006188
type: ChemicalStructure
structure format: SMILES