Adenosine triphosphate + 2 D-Alanine → Adenosine diphosphate + D-Alanyl-D-alanine + Phosphate
L-Cysteine + an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide → L-Alanine + an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide
L-Valine + Pyruvic acid → L-Alanine + α-Ketoisovaleric acid
L-Glutamic acid + Pyruvic acid → L-Alanine + Oxoglutaric acid
D-Alanine + Quinone + Water → Ammonium + Hydroquinone + Pyruvic acid
L-Glutamic acid + α-Ketoisovaleric acid → L-Valine + Oxoglutaric acid
an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase