The biosynthesis of cardiolipin (CL) begins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glycerone phosphate interacts with an NADPH resulting in the release of NADP and glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol 3-phosphate reacts with glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase resulting in the release of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LysoPA). The resulting compound reacts with an acyl-CoA via lysophosphatidate acyltransferase, resulting in the release of a phosphatidic acid (PA or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate). Phosphatidic acid is transported to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Once in, it gets transported into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The phosphatidic acid reacts with cytidine triphosphate through a phosphatidate cytidyltransferase resulting in the release of a CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG). The resulting compound reacts with a glycerol 3-phosphate through a CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase resulting in the release of cytidine monophosphate and phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP). PGP reacts with phosphatidylglycerophosphatase GEP4 resulting in the release of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). PG reacts with a CDP-DG through a cardiolipin synthase resulting in the release of CL and cytidine monophosphate. Cardiolipin remodelling begins with the removal of an acyl chain to form 1-monolysocardiolipin (1-MLCL) via the lipase Cld1p. This is followed by the enzyme Taz1p transferring an acyl chain from a phospholipid (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) to reform cardiolipin.

Cardiolipin Biosynthesis References