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Pathway Description
Aspartate Metabolism
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Aspartate is synthesized by transamination of oxaloacetate by aspartate aminotransferase or amino acid oxidase. Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase can then couple aspartate to aspartyl tRNA for protein synthesis. The aspartate content in human proteins is about 7%. Asparagine synthase can convert aspartate to the polar amino acid asparagine. Aspartate is also a precursor for cellular signaling compounds such as, N-acetyl-aspartate, beta-alanine, adenylsuccinate, arginino-succinate and N-carbamoylaspartate. Aspartate is also a metabolite in the urea cycle and involved in gluconeogenesis. Additionally, aspartate carries the reducing equivalents in the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate. The conjugate base of L-aspartic acid, aspartate, also acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain which activates NMDA receptors.
References
Aspartate Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Birsoy K, Wang T, Chen WW, Freinkman E, Abu-Remaileh M, Sabatini DM: An Essential Role of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Cell Proliferation Is to Enable Aspartate Synthesis. Cell. 2015 Jul 30;162(3):540-51. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.016.
Pubmed: 26232224
Lane AN, Fan TW: Regulation of mammalian nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Feb 27;43(4):2466-85. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv047. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
Pubmed: 25628363
Toney MD: Aspartate aminotransferase: an old dog teaches new tricks. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014 Feb 15;544:119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
Pubmed: 24121043
Fan TW, Tan J, McKinney MM, Lane AN: Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics Analysis of Ribonucleotide and RNA Metabolism in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Metabolomics. 2012 Jun;8(3):517-527. doi: 10.1007/s11306-011-0337-9.
Pubmed: 26146495
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